Inzira zigezweho mu nganda z'ibyuma n'ibisobanuro byabo ku isi
Inganda z'ibyuma zahoraga zabaye igice gikomeye cyibikorwa remezo byisi, gutanga ibice byingenzi byingufu, kubaka, no gukora inganda. Mugihe twimukiye igice cya nyuma cya 2024, imigendekere myinshi yingenzi itera icyerekezo cyiyi nganda, haba mugace ndetse no ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Izi nzira ziterwa niterambere ryikoranabuhanga, ibyifuzo birambye, hamwe no guhindura imiterere yubukungu, hamwe bigaragaza imikino yagutse kwisi yose yisi yose.
1. Kuzamuka bisaba imiyoboro yicyuma
Imiyoboro yicyuma idafite ibyuma, cyane cyane munganda nka peteroli na gaze, ubuhanga bwimiti, no kuvura amazi, komeza kubona ibisabwa. Kwiyongera kwibanda ku bikoresho birambye n'ibikoresho byo kurwanya ruswa bitwara iyi nzira. Icyuma kitagira ingano itanga kuramba no kuramba, bituma ibikoresho byo guhitamo imishinga isaba imikorere yigihe kirekire mubihe bibi.
Urugero rumwe rwibi ni inzira ikura mu burasirazuba bwo hagati, aho ibihugu nka Arabiya Sawudite na UAE bashora imari cyane mu iterambere ry'ibikorwa remezo. Raporo ziheruka zerekana gusunika imijyi yubwenge na sisitemu yo gucunga amazi, byose bisaba imiyoboro myiza yicyuma.
2. Iterambere ryikoranabuhanga mumusaruro
Inzira yo gukora ibyuma irahinduka vuba hamwe nintangiriro yikoranabuhanga rigezweho nko gusudira byikora, kwishyuza kwagutse, na 3D. Udushya tworohereza abakora kubyara imiyoboro hamwe nibisobanuro byimbere kandi bikaba bigabanye ibiciro byumusaruro.
Kurugero, intangiriro yimashini yo gukora igisenge cya 6-igisekuru cyiyongereyeho imisatsi kuva kuri metero 6-7 kumunota kugeza kuri metero 12 kumunota. Ibi ni ngombwa cyane cyane mumirenge ikenewe cyane nkinganda zikora imodoka, aho umuvuduko no gusobanuka ni ngombwa.
Undi majyambere yikoranabuhanga ni ukwemeza sisitemu yo gukurikirana digital ituma abakora gukurikirana ubwiza bwimiyoboro mugihe nyacyo, bugenga guhuza no kugabanya amakosa.
3. Kuramba no guhinduranya kugana icyatsi
Inganda zisi ziri mu kongera igitutu cyo kugabanya ibirenge byabo bya karubone, kandi inganda z'ibyuma sibyo. Abakora imiyoboro benshi banze imiyoboro ya Grener, nko gutunganya ibisigazwa bya brener, bakoresheje imitekerereze idahwitse, bakoresheje ibikorwa bidafite imbaraga-bikabije, kandi bagakoresha ubundi buryo bwibanze.
Kurugero, mu Burayi, gusunika mu kugabanya ibyuka bihambiriye bya karubone byateje ishoramari rikomeye mu itanura rya ARC (EAF), aribwo buryo bworoshye umusaruro w'ibyuma ugereranije n'itanura gakondo. Amasosiyete nka Arcelormittal na Tata Ibyuma Byinshi Byakoze Icyuma Cyera, Gushiraho intego zikomeye zo kugabanya ibyuka bigera kuri 30% bitarenze 30% bitarenze 2030.
Byongeye kandi, kuzamuka kwa sisitemu ya pieline ya eco, bikoreshwa mumishinga yibanze ku mbaraga zishobora kongerwa, ishimangira iyi nzira. Mu rwego rw'ingufu zishobora kuvugurura, cyane cyane hamwe no gukoresha hydrogène nk'amavuta, icyifuzo cyo kuramba, imiyoboro irwanya ruswa irazamuka. Ibi ni ikimenyetso cyerekana neza isi yose ihinduka isoko ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa.
4. Ingaruka za Politiki y'Ubucuruzi n'iminyururu ku isi
Politiki y'Ubucuruzi n'ibiciro bikomeje guhindura isoko ry'umuyoboro w'icyuma, hamwe n'ibihugu nka Amerika n'Ubushinwa bishyiraho ijwi ry'ubucuruzi ku isi. Vuba aha, Amerika yatangaje ibiciro bishya by'ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe by'ibyuma, bigamije kurinda abakora mu mahanga bakomoka mu marushanwa. Uku kwimuka kwamaganye impungenge zijyanye n'umunyururu w'ihungabana, cyane cyane kubihugu bishingikiriza kuri steel ibyuma.
Ibinyuranye n'ibyo, isoko rya Aziya, iyobowe n'Ubushinwa n'Ubuhinde, gukomeza gutwara umusaruro, hamwe n'Ubuhinde bivuka nk'umwe mu bahinzi bakomeye ku isi. Ubuhinde bwiterambere cyane mubikorwa remezo, cyane cyane mumavuta ya peteroli na garere, biganisha ku kwiyongera kwimiyoboro yibyuma. Amasosiyete mpuzamahanga agenda arushaho gufatanya n'abakora indian kugirango agere kuri aya masoko agaragara.
5. Imishinga y'ibikorwa remezo ku isi n'ingaruka zabo
Imishinga y'ibikorwa remezo, cyane cyane mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere, biba bisabwa imiyoboro y'ibyuma. Umukandara n'umuhanda (BRI), uyobowe n'Ubushinwa, ni urugero rwiza. Mu rwego rwo kuri iyi ngingo y'imisozi miremiriya, Ubushinwa bushora imari mu kubaka imiyoboro, ibiraro, na gari ya moshi, ndetse no muri kaminuza muri Afurika, Afurika, n'Uburayi bikabije ku isi.
Muri Afurika, ibihugu nka Nijeriya na Egiputa bishora mu mishinga y'amazi n'ingufu bisaba byinshi biranga imiyoboro myinshi. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, amahanga y'Abanyamerika yo mu majyepfo nka Berezile akuzamura ibikorwa remezo by'ingufu, bikarushaho gusaba imiyoboro y'icyuma na karubone.
6. INGORANE MU RUPTO CY'ICYIZA
Nubwo inganda nziza, inganda z'ibyuma gihura n'ibibazo, cyane cyane ukurikije ibiciro bifatika bifatika hamwe nobura imirimo. Ihungabana ryibiciro ryibyuma, riyobowe nihindagurika ryibicurane nicyuma nibiciro byamakara, ni ikibazo gihoraho kubakora. Byongeye kandi, kubura isi yose yumurimo wubuhanga na ba injeniyeri bitera gutinda kumikorere yumushinga kumishinga imwe.
7. Iterambere ryisi yose namakuru
Iterambere rimwe riherutse guturuka ku rwego rw'ingufu, aho inganda za peteroli na gaze zabonye gusubira mu miyoboro isaba imiyoboro y'ibyuma ku mishinga yo hanze na onshore. Muri Nzeri 2024, Shell na BP batangaje imishinga mishya yo gucukura imishinga yo hanze mu nyanja y'Amajyaruguru, biteganijwe ko bakoresha amamiriyoni y'inkuta y'ibyuma mu myaka iri imbere. Ibi bihuza ibishoramari biyongera mubikorwa remezo byingufu kandi dukeneye imiyoboro iramba, yisumbuye.
Byongeye kandi, raporo zigezweho zituruka kuri Ishyirahamwe ry'isi ry'isi ryerekana ko umusaruro w'ibyuma ku isi uteganijwe gukura na 2% muri 2024, byerekana ko umuvuduko mwiza w'inganda. Iri terambere riterwa ahanini nibisabwa kumasoko yo kugaragara, hamwe na Aziya no mu burasirazuba bwo hagati kuyobora ikirego.
Inganda z'ibyuma zirahinduka vuba, ziyobowe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga, imbaraga zirambye, hamwe nisuka kwisi yose. Mugihe politiki mpuzamahanga yubucuruzi hamwe nubukungu bwisi yose bikomeza guhindura isoko, abakora barimo guhuza kugirango bahuze ibyifuzo byisi ifitanye isano kandi irambye. Byaba bishya cyane, ubufatanye bwikoranabuhanga, cyangwa buhuza ibipimo bishya byibidukikije, inganda za steel yiteguye gukomeza kuba umukinnyi ukomeye mubukungu bwisi yose mumyaka iri imbere.
