Izitayela zamanje embonini yensimbi yensimbi kanye nemithelela yazo yomhlaba wonke
Imboni yensimbi yamapayipi bebelokhu iyingxenye ebucayi yengqalasizinda yembulunga yonke, ihlinzeka ngezinto ezibalulekile zamandla, ukwakhiwa, kanye nokwakha imikhakha. Njengoba singena engxenyeni yokugcina ka-2024, izitayela eziningana ezibalulekile zibumba ukuqondiswa kwalombo imboni, ngaphakathi nasekhaya. Lezi zindlela ziqhutshwa ngentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, izimfuno zokusimama, kanye nokushintsha kwezimo zezomnotho, ezibonisa ndawonye amashifu abanzi kwezomnotho kanye nezimboni.
1. Isidingo esikhuphukayo samapayipi ensimbi angenasici
Amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali, ikakhulukazi ezimbonini ezinjengamafutha negesi, ubunjiniyela bamakhemikhali, nokwelashwa kwamanzi, qhubeka ubone ukufunwa okukhulayo. Ukugxila okukhulayo ekusimeni nasezintweni ezivimbela ukugcusana kuyawushayela lo mkhuba. Insimbi engenasici inikeza ubude obude nokuqina, okwenza kube okungokwenziwa okukhethiwe kwamaphrojekthi adinga ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima.
Isibonelo esisodwa salokhu umkhuba okhulayo eMiddle East, lapho amazwe afana neSaudi Arabia kanye ne-UAE batshala imali kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwengqalasizinda. Imibiko yakamuva igqamisa i-push yamadolobha ahlakaniphile nezinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe zokulawulwa kwamanzi, konke okudinga amapayipi ensimbi angenazinsimbi aphezulu.
2. Ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe ekukhiqizeni ipayipi
Inqubo yokukhiqiza amapayipi ensimbi iyavela ngokushesha ngokwaziswa kobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe njengokushisa okuzenzakalelayo kwe-welding, ukufudumala, nokuphrinta kwe-3D. Lezi ezintsha ezintsha zinika amandla abakhiqizi ukukhiqiza amapayipi ngokunemba okuphezulu nokusebenza kahle ngenkathi kunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza.
Isibonelo, ukwethulwa kwemishini yokwenza amapayipi wesizukulwane se-6th kukhule ngesivinini sokukhiqiza kusuka kumamitha ayi-6-7 ngomzuzu kuya kumamitha ayi-12 ngomzuzu. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu emikhakheni efunwa kakhulu njengokukhiqiza izimoto, lapho ijubane nokunemba kubalulekile.
Enye intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ukwamukelwa kwezinhlelo zokuqapha zedijithali ezinika amandla abakhiqizi ukulandelela ikhwalithi yamapayipi ngesikhathi sangempela, ukuqinisekisa ukuvumelana kanye nokunciphisa amaphutha.
3. Ukusimama kanye nokushintshwa kuya ekukhiqizeni okuluhlaza
Izimboni Zomhlaba wonke zingaphansi kwengcindezi eyandayo yokunciphisa imidwebo yazo yekhabhoni, kanti imboni yensimbi yamapayipi ayifani. Abakhiqizi abaningi bepayipi bamukela izindlela zokukhiqiza eziluhlaza, njengokusebenzisa kabusha kwensimbi, besebenzisa izinqubo zokukhiqiza ezinamandla amakhulu, futhi bahlole ezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo.
Isibonelo, eYurophu, ukucindezela ekunciphiseni ukuphuma kwekhabhoni kuholele ekutshalweni kwemali okubalulekile kubuchwepheshe be-Electric Arc Reckane (EAF) ubuchwepheshe, okuyindlela yokuhlanza yokukhiqizwa kwensimbi okuqhathaniswa nezinto zokukhiqizwa kwendabuko. Izinkampani ezifana ne-arcelogrmittal ne-tata yensimbi zenze izithuthukisi ezinkulu ekukhiqizeni insimbi eluhlaza, ukusetha izinhloso ezifuna ukunciphisa ukuphuma kwe-CO2 nge-30% ngonyaka ka-20% ngonyaka ka-2030.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhuphuka kwezinhlelo zamapayipi e-eco-friendly, ezisetshenziswa kumaphrojekthi agxile emandleni avuselelekayo, kuqinisa lo mkhuba. Emkhakheni wamandla avuselelekayo, ikakhulukazi ngokusetshenziswa okukhulayo kwe-hydrogen njengophethiloli, isidingo samapayipi ahlala isikhathi eside, ukubhukamba avimbela ukuqina. Lokhu kuyinkomba ecacile yokushintshwa komhlaba obanzi emithonjeni yamandla evuselelekayo.
4. Umthelela wezinqubomgomo zokuhweba namaketanga omhlaba wonke
Izinqubomgomo zokuhweba nezintela ziyaqhubeka nokuthonya imakethe yensimbi yensimbi, namazwe anjenge-United States neChina ukubeka ithoni yokuhweba komhlaba wonke. Muva nje, i-US yamemezela isethi entsha yamanani entela emikhiqizweni ethile yensimbi, okuhloswe ngayo ukuvikela abakhiqizi basekhaya abavela kumncintiswano wangaphandle. Lokhu kunyakaza kuvuse ukukhathazeka ngokuphazamiseka kokuhlinzekwa kwempahla, ikakhulukazi amazwe athembela ekungenisweni kwensimbi.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, imakethe yase-Asia, eholwa yiChina naseNdiya, iyaqhubeka nokukhiqiza, neNdiya iyavela njengomunye wabakhiqizi bensimbi amakhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Ukukhula okukhulu kweNdiya kumaphrojekthi wengqalasizinda, ikakhulukazi emikhakheni kawoyela negesi, kuholela ekufunweni okwengeziwe kwamapayipi ensimbi. Izinkampani zomhlaba wonke ziya ngokuya zisebenzisana nabakhiqizi baseNdiya ukufinyelela kulezi zimakethe ezivelayo.
5. Amaphrojekthi wengqalasizinda yengqalasizinda yomhlaba kanye nomthelela wawo
Amaphrojekthi amakhulu wengqalasizinda, ikakhulukazi emazweni athuthukayo, afunwa amapayipi ensimbi. I-Belt ne-Road Testitutive (BRI), eholwa yiChina, isibonelo esiyingqayizivele. Njengengxenye yalolu hlelo lwe-dollar lwe-multillion, China ukutshala imali ekwakhiweni kwamapayipi, amabhuloho, kanye nojantshi kulo lonke elase-Asia, i-Afrika, kanye neYurophu, kukhulisa kakhulu isidingo sembulunga yonke samapayipi ensimbi.
E-Afrika, amazwe afana neNigeria neGibhithe atshala imali kumaphrojekthi wamanzi namandla adinga inani elikhulu lamapayipi anamandla aphezulu. Ngokufanayo, amazwe aseNingizimu Melika anjengeBrazil athuthukisa ingqalasizinda yawo yamandla, anciphise isidingo samapayipi ensimbi engenasici namakhabhoni.
6. Izinselelo Embonini Yensimbi Yensimbi
Naphezu kwezitayela ezinhle, imboni yensimbi yamapayipi ibhekene nezinselelo, ikakhulukazi ngokwezindleko ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo nezinto zokushoda kwezisebenzi. Ukuguquguquka kwamanani ensimbi, okuqhutshwa ukuguquguquka ngokushintshashintsha kwamanani entengo ye-iron ore namalahle, kuyinselelo engapheli yabakhiqizi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushoda komhlaba wonke kwabasebenzi abanamakhono nonjiniyela kubangela ukubambezeleka ezindaweni zokukhiqiza kwamanye amaphrojekthi.
7. Intuthuko yakamuva yomhlaba kanye nezindaba
Intuthuko eyodwa ephawuleka yakamuva ivela emkhakheni wamandla, lapho imboni yamafutha negesi ibone khona ukuphinda ifune ukuthola amapayipi ensimbi wamaphrojekthi we-Offshore nase-Onshore. NgoSepthemba 2024, iShell kanye ne-BP kumemezele amaphrojekthi okushayela amasha olwandle olwandle, kulindeleke ukuthi asebenzise izigidi zamathani wepayipi lensimbi eminyakeni ezayo. Lokhu kuqondanisa nokutshala imali okukhulayo kwingqalasizinda yamandla kanye nesidingo samapayipi aqinile, aphezulu asebenza kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imibiko yakamuva evela ku-World Steel Association ikhombisa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi yomhlaba kulindeleke ukuthi kukhule ngo-2% ngo-2024, kusayina umfutho omuhle wemboni. Lokhu kukhula kuqhutshwa kakhulu yisidingo esivela ezimakethe ezivelayo, ne-Asia naseMiddle East ehola le nkokhelo.
Imboni yensimbi yamapayipi ivela ngokushesha, iqhutshwa ngentuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe, imizamo yokusimamisa, kanye ne-Global Push yengqalasizinda engcono. Njengoba izinqubomgomo zomhlaba jikelele zokuhweba kanye namashifu omhlaba jikelele aqhubeka nokuthonya imakethe, abakhiqizi bazivumelanisa nokuhlangabezana nezidingo zomhlaba oxhumeke futhi ozinzile. Noma ngabe ukwenziwa kwezobuchwepheshe, ukubambisana kwamasu, noma ukuzivumelanisa namazinga amasha emvelo, imboni yensimbi yensimbi ilungele ukuhlala umdlali obalulekile emnothweni womhlaba wonke ozayo iminyaka ezayo.
