Monga tonse tikudziwa, mapaipi achitsulo osapanga dzimbiri amafunika kusankhidwa ndi kungokhala asanachoke fakitole.
Komabe, nthawi zina amakumana ndi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito amafunikanso kubwerezanso mapaipi. Monga momwe mapaipi akukhudzira, decount kwambiri iyenera kumaliza mankhwalawa pa mapaipi onse pakhomo pa tsamba litamalizidwa. Nthawi zambiri, wopanga sadzaloledwa kutchinjiriza pakati, ndiye chifukwa chiyani pofuna kupanga digiriri?
Kodi chipongwe chamatumba osapanga dzimbiri ndi chiani?
Ndi kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa mafakitale mdziko lathu komanso kukula kwa mpweya wa petrochema, mafuta azachipatala, zida zamankhwala, ntchito zina zamakatswiri ukadaulo wopanda chitsulo zikukweranso. Monga ukhondo wa paipi, ogwiritsa ntchito ena amafunikira kuti pasakhale dzimbiri zaulere, tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta fumbi, kuwotcherera slag, mafuta ndi zodetsa zina mkati.
Pakati pawo, chithunzithunzi cha oxygen chili ndi ukhondo wokwanira. Ambiri mwa mapaipi a oxygen amanyamula mpweya wabwino kwambiri kuposa 99.99%, ndi kupanikizika kwambiri komanso kuyenda mwachangu. Ngati ukhondo wamkati wa mapaipi sangatsimikizidwe, kufufuza kuchuluka kwa mafuta ndi zitsulo papakatikati kumatha kukhala ndi mpweya wabwino kwambiri komanso kuwonongeka kwa mpweya wabwino kwambiri komanso kumabweretsa ngozi zowopsa.
Pakati pawo, pakupanga mapaipi ophatikizika, njira ya mkatikati imatha kuwonjezeredwa kukonza khoma lamkati la chitoliro chamkati, chepetsani zofananira pakhoma lamkati, ndipo potero zimachepetsa kupota. Makina a Canao Tech (Makina a Seko) ali ndi zaka zoposa 20 za omwe amapezeka Zovala zopanda pake zamkati zamkati zamagetsi zowoneka bwino , ndipo zadziunjikira zambiri zopangidwa ndi makasitomala, zomwe zili zoyenera kwambiri.
Chifukwa chake, malinga ndi zomwe zikufunikira, zida zatsopano pamafunika kugwiritsa ntchito njira yoyeretsa mankhwala kuti ichotse mafuta ndi zodetsa zina pakhoma la mkati mwa chipangizocho chisanayambe. Nthawi yomweyo, wothandizirayo adzafunikanso kugawidwa pakati.
Kodi kutanthauzira ndi kuyeretsa kwa masamba osapanga dzimbiri ndi chiani?
Masamba osapanga dzimbiri zamapapu oyeretsa: Kutsuka Madzi → Kusambitsa Madzi Kusamba → Kuphika madzi → kuphwanya mpweya (kapena nayitrogeni) kuyeretsa.
Madzi akutuluka: Mukamatha, gwiritsani ntchito zida zazing'ono zoyeretsa madzi kuti atuluke. Cholinga chake ndikuchotsa phulusa, silt, osungiramo zitsulo zotayika ndi dothi lina lotayirira pa mapaipi.
Manja akupukuta: Thirani kuyeretsa ndi kusakanikirana mu beseni loyeretsa, kuwonjezera apo molingana, ndikusakaniza mobwerezabwereza musanagwiritse ntchito mobwerezabwereza. Panjira yotsuka, ukhondo wa njira yoyeretsa kuyenera kuwunikidwa. Ngati mtundu wa njira yoyeretsa pamanja umakhala wauve, yankho lambiri liyenera kuthiridwa ndipo njira yoyeretsa yoyeretsa iyeneranso kuyanjanitsidwa. Cholinga chake ndikuchotsa mitundu yonse yazachikhalidwe monga mafuta, graphite, mafuta otsutsa mu bomba, kuti muwonetsetse kuti mkatikati mwa mapaipiwo ndi yoyera ndikukwaniritsa zofuna za zida.
Kutulutsa madzi: Pambuyo pa chitoliro chikadutsa digiri, ndikupukusa ndi madzi ambiri. Madzi oyenda akutuluka mu chitoliro ndi oyera, madziwo amatha kutha. Cholinga cha madzi kutulutsa pambuyo pa kuchulukana ndikuthamangitsa digirinsi pa mapaipi.
Kugwedeza mpweya (kapena nayitrogeni) kutsuka kwa mpweya (kapena nayitrogeni) kutsuka, ndikuwumitsa mkatikati mwa chitoliro, kenako pewani kuipitsidwa kwachiwiri.
Chithunzi chosapanga dzimbiri chosapanga dzimbiri
Chithandizo cha masipu osokoneza bongo adzagwiritsa ntchito zosungunulira zomwe zimatchulidwa mu kapangidwe kake ndikugwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka. Ngati sizikufotokozedwa mu kapangidwe kake, zitha kuwunikiridwa ndi kaboni Tetrachloride kuti muwone ngati degalor ndiyoyenera.
Chipata chopanda maziko m'pamwamba
Pambuyo pa mapaipiwo ndi kutsukidwa ndikutsukidwa, zofuna zotsatirazi ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa:
1) Gwiritsani ntchito kuwala kwa ultraviolet ndi chiyembekezo cha 320-38000000nm kuti muwone khoma lamkati la paipe, ndipo pasakhale mafuta akuthupi.
2) Pukutani khoma lamkati la chitoliro ndi pepala loyera komanso louma loyera, sipayenera kukhala mafuta papepala.
3) kapena gwiritsani ntchito zosungunulira kuzindikiritsa kuti mafuta am'mafuta sapitilira zofunikira za chipani chopatsa.
4) Zizindikiro zina zaukadaulo zomwe zafunsidwa ndi chipani chopatsa.
Kuyeretsa kwa mankhwala ndi kuwongolera kutchinjiriza kwa osapanga dzimbiri za mpweya wosiririka kumatsimikizira kapangidwe ka mapaipi opangira oxygen ndi kotsimikizika, ndipo ndi chitsimikizo chodalirika cha oxygen mapaipi. Ndikofunika kusamala ndi kukwezedwa ndi kapangidwe ka chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
