Swihlawulekisi swa welding swa austenitic stainless steel: ntshikelelo wa elastic na plastiki na ku tsana hi nkarhi wa maendlelo ya welding i swikulu swinene, kambe ku pandzeka ka xirhami aswi tali ku voniwa. Akuna quenching hardening zone xikan’we na grain coarsening eka weld, hikokwalaho matimba ya tensile ya weld ya le henhla swinene.
Swiphiqo leswikulu swa austenitic stainless steel welding: ku onhaka lokukulu ka welding; Hikokwalaho ka swihlawulekisi swa yona swa ndzilakano wa mavele xikan’we naku twisisa eka thyaka rokarhi ra trace (S, P), swa olova ku humesa maphaphatani yo hisa.
Swiphiqo swa ntlhanu leswikulu swa ku welda ni swipimelo swa vutshunguri bya nsimbi leyi nga riki na swilo leyi nga ni austenitic .
01 Ku endliwa ka chromium carbide swi hunguta vuswikoti bya weld ku lwisana na intergranular corrosion.
Intergranular corrosion: Hikuya hi theory ya chromium depletion, chromium carbide yi khuluka eka mindzilakano ya grain loko weld na heat-affected zone swi hisiwa kuya eka sensitization temperature zone ya 450-850°C, leswi endlaka leswaku kuva na mindzilakano ya grain leyi onhaka chromium, leswinga ringanelangiki ku lwisana na kuna.
(1) Mimpimo leyi landzelaka yi nga tirhisiwa ku hunguta ku rhurhumela exikarhi ka weld seam na ku bola eka ndhawu ya mahiselo ya sensitization eka nchumu lowu kongomisiweke:
a. Pfuxeta nhlayo ya khaboni ya nsimbi ya le hansi na weld, naswona u engetela swiaki swo tiyisisa TI, NB na swin’wana eka nsimbi ya le hansi ku nyika nkoka eka ku vumbiwa ka MC ku papalata ku tumbuluxiwa ka CR23C6.
b. Endla leswaku weld yi endla xivumbeko xa dual-phase xa austenite na nhlayo yintsongo ya ferrite. Loko kuri na nhlayo yokarhi ya ferrite eka weld, ti grains tinga antswisiwa, ndzhawu ya mavele yinga engeteriwa, naswona ku khuluka ka chromium carbide hi ndzhawu ya unit ya ndzilakano wa mavele swinga hungutiwa.
Chromium yi khuluka swinene eka ferrite. CR23C6 yitsakela ku endliwa eka ferrite handle ko endla leswaku mindzilakano ya mavele ya austenite yi hela eka chromium; Ku hangalaka ka ferrite exikarhi ka ti austenites swinga sivela ku bola kuya hi ndzilakano wa mavele kuya eka ku hangalaka ka le ndzeni.
C. Lawula nkarhi wo tshama eka xiyimo xa mahiselo ya sensitization. Adjust the welding thermal cycle, shorten the residence time of 600～1000℃ as much as possible, choose a welding method with high energy density (such as plasma argon arc welding), select a smaller welding heat input, and use argon gas on the back of the weld or use a copper pad Increase the cooling rate of the welded joint, reduce the arc starting and ending times to avoid repeated heating, and the contact surface with the Corrosive medium hi nkarhi wa multilayer welding yifanele ku welderiwa hindlela yohetelela hilaha swinga kotekaka hakona.
d. Endzhaku ka ku welda, endla vutshunguri bya solution kumbe stabilization annealing (850～900°C) na ku kufumela ka moya ku endla leswaku carbide charge yi huma no hatlisisa ku hangalaka ka chromium).
(2) ku rhurhumela ka xivumbeko xa banga ka ti- weld. Hikwalaho ka xivangelo lexi, ku nga tekiwa magoza lama landzelaka yo sivela:
Hikokwalaho ka vuswikoti bya matimba bya ku hangalaka ka khaboni, yita hambanyisa eka ndzilakano wa mavele kuva yi endla xiyimo xa supersaturated hinkarhi wa maendlelo yo kufumela, kasi Ti na NB switshama swiri eka crystal hikokwalaho ka vuswikoti bya le hansi bya ku hangalaka. Loko weld yi hisiwa nakambe eka sensitization temperature range, supersaturated carbon yita khuluka hi xivumbeko xa CR23C6 exikarhi ka ti crystals.
a. Ku hunguta nhlayo ya khaboni. Eka stainless steel leyingana ti stabilizing elements, nhlayo ya carbon ayifanelanga ku tlula 0.06%.
b. Tirhisa endlelo leri ringaneleke ro welda. Hlawula welding heat input leyintsongo ku hunguta nkarhi wo tshama wa ndzhawu leyi hisiweke ngopfu eka mahiselo yale henhla, naswona nyikela nyingiso eka ku papalata mbuyelo wa 'medium temperature sensitization' hi nkarhi wa maendlelo ya welding.
Loko ku welda ka matlhelo mambirhi, weld leyi hlanganaka na corrosive medium yifanele ku welderiwa rohetelela (leswi i xivangelo xa leswaku ku welda ka le ndzeni ka tiphayiphi ta welded ta thick-wall ya diameter leyikulu ku endliwa endzhaku ka welding yale handle). Loko yinga tirhisiwi, welding specification na weld shape swifanele ku lulamisiwa, naswona ringeta ku papalata ndzhawu leyi hisiweke ngopfu leyi hlanganaka na corrosive medium yitlhela yiva na sensitized naswona yi hisiwa.
C. Vutshunguri bya ku hisa bya le ndzhaku ka weld. Endla vutshunguri bya solution kumbe stabilization endzhaku ka ku welda.
02 Ku rhurhumela ka ku rhurhumela ka ntshikelelo .
Mimpimo leyi landzelaka yi nga tirhisiwa ku sivela ku humelela ka ku pandzeka ka ntshikelelo wa ntshikelelo:
a. Hlawula kahle switirhisiwa naswona u lulamisa hi ndlela leyi twalaka xivumbeko xa weld. Nsimbi leyi nga riki na swilo leyi nga riki na swilo leyi tengeke ya chromium-nickel austenitic leyi tengeke, nsimbi ya le henhla ya silicon chromium-nickel austenitic stainless steel, ferritic-austenitic stainless steel, high-chromium ferritic stainless steel, na swin’wana na swin’wana yi na ntshikelelo wa kahle wo tiya, naswona nsimbi ya weld i austenitic yi na ntshikelelo wa kahle wo kariha eka xivumbeko xa dualphase ya nsimbi ya stenite ya stenite ya stenite ya stenite ya stenite ya stenite ya stenite ya stenite ya stenite ya stenite ya stenite ya stenite ya stenite ya stenite ya stenite ya stenlite ya stente.
b. ku herisa kumbe ku hunguta ntshikilelo lowu saleke. Yinga tirhisiwa eka post-welding stress-relieving heat treatment, kufana na leyi Xisirhelelo xo sirhelela on-line Ku hisa lokukulu ka vutshunguri bya induction annealing furnace . amukelaka nsinya wa nawu wa induction heat. Furnace yo vangama ya annealing ya . Hangao Tech (Seko Machinery) ayi lavi ku hisa ka ha ri emahlweni, switeka ntsena 15 wa tisekoni kuva swi hatlisa swifika eka mahiselo lawa ya faneleke ya annealing. Hi nkarhi lowu fanaka, yina ku tsana ka moya wa xiyimo xale henhla, leswinga sivela kahle ku tlhelela endzhaku ka moya hi nkarhi wa annealing. Phayipi ya annealed welded yina xivumbeko xa nsimbi lexi fanaka naswona ntshikelelo wa intergranular wuva wutsongo. Ku engetela kwalano, maendlelo ya michini yofana na ku pholisha, ku hlantswa hi ku duvula na ku hammer swi nga tlhela swi hunguta ntshikelelo wa le henhla wa masalela.
C. Dizayini ya xivumbeko lexi twalaka. Ku papalata ku hlanganisiwa lokukulu ka ntshikilelo.
