Hangao Tech (Seko Mɔ̃wo), si si ƒe 20 ƒe nuteƒekpɔkpɔ le le ŋgɔyiyi kple ewɔwɔ me . Stainless steel industrial welded pipe production line equipment , axɔ wò be nàse nɔnɔme vovovo siwo le welding dzoxɔxɔ-affected zone le welding dɔwɔwɔ me kple ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi ɖe weld ƒe nyonyome dzi.
Afisi dzoxɔxɔ le (Haz) si nye welding la to vovo na weld la. Woate ŋu atrɔ asi le welding seams ŋu, woagbugbɔ amae eye woawɔ welding process nyuie to atike siwo le gɔmeɖoanyi ga la me be woakpɔ egbɔ be dɔwɔwɔ ƒe nudidiwo. Gake manya wɔ be woatrɔ asi le nuto si me dzoxɔxɔ gblẽ nu le ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ŋu to atikewo ƒe wɔwɔme me o. Enye kuxi si nye lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe mama si mesɔ o si dzɔna le dzoxɔxɔ ƒe kekefɔkpa ƒe dɔwɔwɔ te ko. Le xɔtunu siwo wotsɔ ga wɔe le goawo katã me gome la, wobua nya ene siwo nye embrittlement, toughening, hardening, kple fafa le dzoxɔxɔ si ŋu dzoxɔxɔ le ƒe nuto me koŋ, kpakple mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ƒe nɔnɔme siwo me kɔ, ɖeɖiteameŋu ƒe nɔnɔmewo, kple corrosion resistance. Ele be woatso nya me le esia ŋu le alesi wobia tso xɔtunu si wotsɔ ga wɔe me be woazãe koŋ nu.
1. Sesẽ si le dzoxɔxɔ si ŋu dzoxɔxɔ le ƒe nuto me .
Afisi dzoxɔxɔ si ŋu dzoxɔxɔ le ƒe sesẽme sesẽ la nɔ te ɖe atike ƒe wɔwɔme kple fafa ƒe nɔnɔme siwo le gɔmeɖoanyia ƒe nusi woatsɔ awɔ gae dzi koŋ. Nu vevitɔe nye be woaɖe ga vovovowo ƒe metallography ƒe wɔwɔme ƒe nɔnɔmewo afia. Sesẽme dodokpɔa sɔ wu. Eyata wozãa HMAX si ƒe sesẽme de ŋgɔ wu le nuto si me dzoxɔxɔ gblẽ nu le zi geɖe (zi geɖe le fusion zone me) tsɔ drɔ̃a ʋɔnu dzoxɔxɔ si ŋu dzoxɔxɔ le ƒe dɔwɔwɔ. Woate ŋu azãe atsɔ agblɔ alesi gbegbe dzoxɔxɔ si ŋu dzoxɔxɔ le ƒe sesẽme, brittleness kple gbagbãƒe ƒe tsitretsitsi ɖe eŋu la ɖi le mɔ si mele tẽ o nu. Le ƒe ʋɛ siwo va yi me la, wobu HAZ ƒe HMAX be enye dzesi vevi aɖe si woatsɔ ada alesi woate ŋu awɔ weldability lae. Ele be woaɖee afia be le habɔbɔ ɖeka me gɔ̃ hã la, sesẽ vovovowo li. Esia do ƒome kplikplikpli kple carbon ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si le gɔmeɖoanyi ga, akɔbli ƒe wɔwɔme kple fafa ƒe nɔnɔmewo me. Eyata wokafui be woazã gakpo si dɔwɔƒe si ŋu kakaɖedzi le eye wowɔa esia edziedzi na welding awɔ be woakpɔ egbɔ be woƒe nyonyome li ke.
2. Embrittlement of welding dzoxɔxɔ si ŋu wòku ɖo ƒe nuto .
Zi geɖe la, teƒe si dzoxɔxɔ si ŋu dzoxɔxɔ le la ƒe ʋuʋu va zua nusi koŋ gbɔ ƒunukpeƒe siwo wotsɔ ga ƒo ƒui ƒe gbagbã kple gbagbã tsona. Le fifi nuwɔwɔ ŋuti nyatakakawo kple nyatakakawo nu la, embrittlement nɔnɔmewo dometɔ aɖewoe nye coarse crystal embrittlement, tsidzadza embrittlement, thermal strain aging embrittlement, hydrogen embrittlement, structure transition embrittlement, kple graphite embrittlement.
1) Krystal ƒe embrittlement si le ƒuƒlu. Le dzoxɔxɔ ƒe tsatsam ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi ta la, nukuwo ƒe ƒuƒuiƒe dzɔna le fusion line gbɔ kple teƒe si xɔ dzo akpa le welded joint. Nuku siwo me wodea amii la akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe ga si wotu ɖe gɔmeɖoanyia ƒe xɔtunua ƒe gbagbã dzi vevie. Le goawo katã me la, zi alesi nukuawo ƒe lolome loloe la, zi nenemae dzoxɔxɔ si le brittle ƒe tɔtrɔ me hã lolonae.
2) Tsidzadza kple embrittlement. Le tsitsi alo dzoxɔxɔ ƒe ɖoɖoa me la, woaɖe carbides, nitrides, intermetallic compounds kple metastable intermediate bubuwo ɖe go le supermaturated solid solution me. Akpa yeye siawo siwo wowɔ kabakaba la dzia ga alo akɔbli ƒe ŋusẽ, sesẽme kple brittleness ɖe edzi. Woyɔa nudzɔdzɔ sia be tsidzadza ƒe embrittlement.
3) Lãmetsiwo ƒe ʋuʋu. Woyɔa embrittlement si tso brittle kple hard structure ƒe dzedzeme le welding HAZ me be structure embrittlement. Le gakpo siwo me carbon mesɔ gbɔ ɖo fũ o siwo wozãna zi geɖe le gakpo siwo ŋu ŋusẽ geɖe le siwo me ŋusẽ le ŋutɔ gome la, HAZ si wotsɔ ga ƒo ƒui ƒe wɔwɔme koŋue nye MA ƒe akpa aɖe, bainite si le etame, kple widmanstatten ƒe wɔwɔme ƒuƒlu. Gake le gakpo siwo me carbon sɔ gbɔ ɖo (zi geɖe la, ≥0.2%) gome la, martensite si me carbon sɔ gbɔ ɖo koŋue hea xɔtuɖoɖoa ƒe wɔwɔme vɛ.
4) Dzoxɔxɔ ƒe teteɖeanyi ƒe tsitsi ƒe embrittlement of HAZ. Ele be woawɔ dɔ tso welding structure la ŋu le ewɔwɔ ƒe ɖoɖoa me, abe nusiwo wotsɔ wɔe, lãɖeɖe, vuvɔ wɔwɔ, gas lãɖeɖe, welding kple dzoxɔxɔ ƒe dɔwɔwɔ bubuwo ene. Nutoa me ƒe teteɖeanyi kple plastik ƒe tɔtrɔ si dɔwɔwɔ siawo hena vɛ kpɔa ŋusẽ gã aɖe ɖe HAZ si wotsɔ ga wɔe la ƒe embrittlement dzi. Woyɔa alesi wowɔa dɔe si ŋudɔwɔwɔ ƒe afɔɖeɖe siawo hena vɛ la be dzoxɔxɔ ƒe teteɖeanyi ƒe tsitsi ƒe embrittlement. Woate ŋu ama strain tsitsi embrittlement me ɖe static strain aging embrittlement kple dynamic strain aging embrittlement me. Le goawo katã me la, 'blue brittleness' nye nudzɔdzɔ si nye dynamic strain aging la tɔ.
3. Toughening of welding dzoxɔxɔ si ŋu wòku ɖo .
Welding HAZ nye ŋutilã si mewɔ ɖeka o le wɔwɔme kple dɔwɔwɔ me. Fusion zone kple coarse-grained zone la koŋue te ŋu gena ɖe eme bɔbɔe eye wole welded joint bliboa ƒe nuto si gbɔdzɔ la me. Eyata ehiã be woana haz si wotsɔ ga wɔe la ƒe sesẽ nanyo ɖe edzi. Numekukuwo ɖee fia be woate ŋu azã mɔnu eve siwo gbɔna atsɔ asesẽ HAZ la.
1) Kpɔ habɔbɔa dzi. Ele be gakpo si me aɖi mele o naɖu carbon ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ dzi, ale be alloying element system nye ŋusẽdodo ƒe ɖoɖo si me carbon ƒe akpa vovovowo ƒe akpa vovovowo le. Esia wɔe be le welding ƒe fafa ƒe nɔnɔmewo me la, HAZ la ma kple nusue siwo ŋu ŋusẽ le kaka, eye wowɔa martensite si me carbon mesɔ gbɔ ɖo o, bainite si le anyime kple acicular ferrite le eƒe wɔwɔme me kple sesẽ si nyo wu. Evelia, ele be woakpɔ nukuwo ƒe liƒowo ƒe vovototodedeameme dzi alesi woate ŋui.
2) Atikewɔwɔ sesẽ. Zi geɖe la, xɔtunu vevi aɖewo zãa dzoxɔxɔ si wotsɔ wɔa dɔe le weld megbe tsɔ naa ƒunukpeƒea ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyona ɖe edzi. Gake xɔ gã aɖewo siwo me nuwo sesẽ le la xɔa dzoxɔxɔ ƒe dɔwɔwɔ le nutoa me, si sesẽna wu le dɔwɔwɔ ŋutɔŋutɔ me. Eyata dzoxɔxɔ si woatsɔ awɔ welding la tiatia nyuie, alesi woawɔe le welding ƒe ɖoɖo si sɔ me, kple dzoxɔxɔ si woatsɔ awɔ dzoxɔxɔ do ŋgɔ kple dzoxɔxɔ le dzoxɔxɔ megbe ƒe asitɔtrɔ nye afɔɖeɖe nyuiwo be woatsɔ ana welding sesẽ nanyo ɖe edzi.
Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, mɔ bubuwo li siwo dzi woato ana HAZ ƒe sesẽ nanyo ɖe edzi. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, gakpo siwo ƒe aŋgbawo le nyuie la xɔa mɔnu si dzi wokpɔna be woatsɔ atrɔ asi le ferrite-kuawo ŋu geɖe wu, si ana nusi wotsɔ wɔe ƒe sesẽ hã nanyo ɖe edzi. Esia nɔ te ɖe nusi le gɔmeɖoanyi ga la ŋutɔ me dzi eye wòdo ƒome kple smelting mɔ̃ɖaŋununya.
Enelia, dzoxɔxɔ si ŋu dzoxɔxɔ le si ŋu dzoxɔxɔ le la ƒe fafa .
Le ga alo akɔbli siwo wodo ŋusẽ to vuvɔ dɔwɔwɔ ƒe sesẽ alo dzoxɔxɔ dɔwɔwɔ hafi welding, vektor ŋusẽ ƒe dzidzenu vovovowo adzɔ zi geɖe le welding dzoxɔxɔ-affected zone. Nusiwo bɔ wue nye gakpo siwo ŋu ŋusẽ le ŋutɔ siwo woɖɔli kple akɔbli siwo ŋu tsidzadza ƒe ŋusẽdodo kple kaka ƒe ŋusẽdodo le, kple fafa alo vektor ƒe ŋusẽ si wowɔ le dzoxɔxɔ ƒe nuto si me wowɔa dɔ le le welding megbe. Ne wole gakpo si wotɔ dzoe kple esi wotsɔ ƒo ƒui la, HAZ ƒe fafɛƒe ƒe sesẽme do ƒome kple dzoxɔxɔ ƒe nɔnɔme si le gɔmeɖoanyia ŋu hafi woatsɔe awɔ ƒoƒoe. Zi alesi dzoxɔxɔ si le dzoxɔxɔ si le dzotsinuwo kple dzoxɔxɔ ƒe dɔwɔwɔ me ƒe dzoxɔxɔ dzi ɖe kpɔtɔ hafi woatsɔ ga si le gɔmedzedzea me la aƒoe la, zi nenemae ŋusẽdodo ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme lolonae la, zi nenemae wòasẽ ɖe edzi le welding megbe ƒe fafa me. Numekuku ŋuti nyatakaka gbogbo aɖewo ɖee fia be ne wozã welding mɔnu vovovowo kple welding wire ƒe ŋusẽ vovovowo la, teƒe si dze ƒã wu le fafa me le HAZ me enye dzoxɔxɔ si le A1-A3 dome.
