I-Hingao Tech (Matshini weSeko), eneminyaka engama-20 yamava ophuhliso kunye nemveliso ye Izixhobo zentsimbi ezingenamzi-mveliso zeSoftware zeSoftware zeSodled ze-Weldied Pied , ziya kukuthatha ukuba uqonde iimeko ezahlukeneyo zemimandla echaphazelekileyo yobushushu ngexesha lenkqubo ye-wels kunye nefuthe kumgangatho we-weld.
Indawo echaphazelekayo yobushushu (i-HAZ) ye-welding yahlukile kwi-sldld. I-Welding Seams inokuhlengahlengiswa, ihlaziyiwe kwaye isebenze ngokufanelekileyo ye-welding ngokubumba kwensimbi ye-asise ukuze kuqinisekiswe iimfuno zomsebenzi. Nangona kunjalo, akunakwenzeka ukulungisa ukusebenza komda wobushushu ngokuqulunqwa kwamachiza. Yingxaki yokuhanjiswa kwezicubu ezingalinganiyo okwenzeka kuphela phantsi kwesenzo sebhayisekile. Kwizakhiwo ezijijekileyo ngokubanzi, imicimbi emine yokufaka i-emxing, ukubopha, inzima, kunye nokuthambisa imimandla echaphazelekayo, kunye nepropathi ebanzi, kunye nokunganyangeki. Oku kufuneka kugqitywe ngokweemfuno ezithile zoSetyenziso lweSiseko seDeldled.
I-1. Ukukhubazeka kweNdawo echaphazelekayo yeWelding
Ubunzima bommandla ochaphazelekayo wobushushu ikakhulu buxhomekeke kubume bemichiza kunye neemeko zokupholisa kwezinto ezisisiseko ukuze zibethwa. Eyona nto ibonisa ubume bemozulu ye-thlographic yentsimbi eyahlukeneyo. Uvavanyo lobunzima lulunge ngakumbi. Ke ngoko, eyona ndawo iphakamileyo ye-hmax yomda ochaphazelekayo ochaphazelekayo (ihlala kwindawo ye-fusion) isetyenziselwa ukugweba intsebenzo yomda wobushushu. Ingasetyenziselwa ukuxela ubukhulu, ubuchule bokwaphula umthetho kunye nokunganyangeki kwendawo echaphazelekayo yobushushu. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-HMAX ye-HMAX ithathelwa ingqalelo njengophawu olubalulekileyo lokuvavanya impilo. Kufuneka ichaze ukuba nakwintlangano enye, kukho ubunzima obahlukeneyo. Oku kunxulumene ngokusondeleyo nomxholo wekhabhoni wensimbi yesiseko, ukwakhiwa kwe-alloy kunye neemeko zokupholisa. Ke ngoko, kuyacetyiswa ukuba isebenzise intsimbi eveliswe intsimbi eveliswe ngumenzi onokuthenjwa kwaye oqhelekileyo wokufumana i-welding ukuqinisekisa umgangatho ozinzileyo.
2. Ubume bendawo ye-welding ye-welding
Ukushalwa komda wobushushu we-welding wilding kuhlala kuba yeyona nto iphambili yokungaphumeleli kunye nokungaphumeleli kwe-brickled. Ngokweenkcukacha zemveliso ezikhoyo kunye nolwazi, iifom zokushashwayo zibandakanya ukutshisa okukreyitha, ukuguqulelwa komhlaba, ukuqulunqwa kwe-therman
1) I-Crystal enomsindo. Ngenxa yesiphumo se-thermal capling, ukudla okuziinkozo kuya kwenzeka kufutshane nomgca we-fusion kunye nendawo ephethwe yi-Weldied. I-Coarse Grains iya kuyichaphazela kakhulu ubuchule bokwakhiwa kwensimbi yesiseko. Ngokubanzi, umzekelo omkhulu wobungakanani obuziinkozo, okuphakathi kobushushu be-Brittle Transt.
I-2) i-pumiotions kunye nokuvuya. Ngexesha lokwaluphala okanye inkqubo yokulandela umkhondo, iicarbades, i-nitrides, iziqulatho ze-intermetallic kunye nezinye izinto eziphakathi ezikhoyo ziya kutyunjwa kwisisombululo esiqinileyo se-Suprans. Ezi zigaba zintsha zithintelweyo ziyandisa amandla, ubukhali kunye nobuqhetseba bezinyithi okanye izabelo. Le phenomeno ibizwa ngokuba yindawo yokuhlala.
I-3) Ukuhanjiswa kwezicubu. Ukufakwa komvuzo okubangelwa kukubonakala kweBrittle kunye ne-Holdles kwi-Welding Haz ibizwa ngokuba yindawo yokuhlala. I-Carbon esetyenziswayo esetyenziswayo ephantsi-ye-carbon ephantsi ye-carbon ephantsi, i-SURTETIMETION ye-WEDED HAZ ibangelwa yi-MATTAT, i-Bainen Tainetine, kunye ne-Coarstatite ye-AinensinTattenstatten. Kodwa ngenxa yezithatho ezinomxholo wekhabhoni (ngokubanzi ≥0.2%), ukumiswa komvuzo kubangelwa ikakhulu yikhabhoni ephezulu.
I-4) i-thermal caltaring yokwaluphala i-haz. Isakhiwo se-welding kufuneka siqwalaselwe kwinkqubo yokuphucula, njengento, yokucheba, ukubekwa okubandayo, ukusika igesi, i-welding kunye nolunye ulungiso lwe-thermal. Ingqokelela yendawo yengingqi kunye neplastiki ebangelwe yile ntlawulo inefuthe elihle kwilayisi ye-welded haz. Ukufakwa komvuzo obangelwe yile manyathelo enkqubo kubizwa ngokuba yi-thermal caltan yokwaluphala. Ukuphazamiseka kokwaluphala ukwahlula-hlulwa kunzuzo ngokuba yi-teric calgementresmm yokwaluphala kunye nokukhanya okunamandla okukhula. Ngokubanzi, 'blobletleness ' yeyonto ye-phenomenon ye-disn yokwaluphala.
3
I-welding haz yinto engafaniyo ne-diform yesakhiwo kunye nokusebenza. Indawo ye-fusion kunye nendawo edityanisiweyo ye-Coardene ityekele kakhulu ekuguquleni inkanuko kwaye yeyomhlaba ebuthathaka kuyo yonke into edibeneyo. Ke ngoko, kuyimfuneko ukuphucula ubunzima be-hild haz. Ngokutsho kophando, ezi ndlela zimbini zilandelayo zingasetyenziselwa ukukhangela i-haz.
1) Lawula umbutho. Insimbi ephantsi-yowamazantsi kufuneka ilawule umxholo wekhabhoni, ukuze inkqubo ye-ulwabiwo-mali yinkqubo eyomeleza i-carbon ye-carbon yezinto ezininzi zolwabiwo. Ngenxa yoko, phantsi kweemeko zokupholisa kwe-welding, i-haz isasazwa ngokusasazwa kwamasuntswana, kunye nekhabhoni ephantsi, i-barbon esezantsi, kunye ne-faictrite iveliswayo kwiqhinga elingcono. Okwesibini, ukwahlula-hlula kwemida yokudla okuziinkozo kufuneka kulawulwe kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
2) Ukunyathela unyango. Ezinye izakhiwo ezibalulekileyo zihlala zisebenzisa unyango lwasemva kwe-Weld-sub lokuphucula ukusebenza kweNtlawulo. Nangona kunjalo, amanye izakhiwo ezinkulu nezintsonkothileyo zinokwamkela unyango lobushushu lwasekhaya, olunzima ngakumbi ekusebenzeni okwenyani. Ke ngoko, ukhetho olufanelekileyo lwegalelo lobushushu be-welding, ukuqulunqwa kwenkqubo ye-welding ye-welding, kunye nohlengahlengiso lwamaqondo obushushu aphambi nokufudumeza ngamanyathelo asebenzayo okuphucula ubunzima belding.
Ukongeza, zikho ezinye iindlela zokuphucula ubunzima be-haz. Umzekelo, intsimbi ecekeceke inesithukuthezi, yamkela inkqubo elawulwayo yokuphucula ubuchule obufundisisa, oya kuthi iphucule ubunzima bezinto ezibonakalayo. Oku kuxhomekeke kumxholo we-bin yentsimbi yentsimbi kwaye inxulumene netekhnoloji yokunyibilikisa.
Okwesine, ukuthathwa kwendawo ye-welding yomsindo
Kwizinyithi okanye izabelo zomelezwe ngonyango olubandayo okanye unyango lobushushu ngaphambi kokufumana i-welding, amanqanaba ahlukeneyo e-vector kuya kwenzeka ngokubanzi kwimimandla echaphazelekayo. Olona hlobo luqhelekileyo ngamandla aphezulu aqinile okuye kuphononongwe kwaye ama-Alleys ngokuqinisa kunye nokusasazeka komeleza, kunye namandla e-vering okanye i-vector eveliswe kubushushu emva kwe-welding. Xa i-welding icinyiwe kwaye inomsindo wentsimbi, inqanaba lokuthambisa le-HAZ linxulumene nemeko yonyango lobushushu yezinto ezisisiseko ngaphambi kwe-walding. Ezantsi kobushushu bendlela yokuhamba kunye nokunyanga umlinganiso ngaphambi kokufumana inyibiliki yentsimbi, kokukhona isidanga esikhulu sokuqinisa, kokukhona kufikelela kakhulu kukuthathwa kwe-welding. Inani elikhulu ledatha yophando esebenzayo ibonisa ukuba iindlela ezahlukeneyo ze-welding kunye namandla ahlukeneyo eWolding zisetyenziswa, eyona ndawo ibonakalayo yokuthambisa kwi-haz iqondo lobushushu phakathi kwe-A1-A3.
