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U le ka: Kaya / Ti-blog . / Nhlamuselo yo koma ya welding heat affected zone .

Nhlamuselo yo koma ya welding heat affected zone .

Views: 0     Mutsari: Muhleri ​​wa sayiti Ku kandziyisa nkarhi: 2021-12-01 Masungulo: Ndhawu

Vutisa Vutisa .

Hangao Tech (Seko Machinery), leyi nga na ntokoto wa malembe ya 20 eka nhluvukiso na vuhumelerisi bya . Stainless Steel Industrial Welded Pipe Production Line Equipment , yi ta ku teka ku twisisa swiyimo swo hambana swa ndhawu leyi khumbekaka hi ku hisa ka welding hi nkarhi wa endlelo ro welda na ku khumbeka eka khwalithi ya weld.

 

Ndzhawu leyi khumbekaka hi kuhisa (HAZ) ya welding yihambanile na weld. Ti welding seams tinga lulamisiwa, ti hangalasiwa nakambe xikan’we na maendlelo ya kahle ya welding hiku tirhisa xivumbeko xa ti khemikhali xa base metal leswaku kuta tiyisisiwa swilaveko swa matirhelo. Hambiswiritano, aswi koteki ku lulamisa matirhelo ya ndzhawu leyi khumbekaka hi kuhisa hiku tirhisa xivumbeko xa ti khemikhali. I xiphiqo xa ku hangalaka ka tissue lokunga ringaniki lexi humelelaka ntsena ehansi ka xiendlo xa thermal cycling. Eka swivumbeko swa welded hiku angarhela, timhaka ta mune ta embrittlement, toughening, hardening, na softening ta ndzhawu leyi khumbekaka hi kuhisa ngopfu ngopfu ti tekeriwa enhlokweni, xikan’we na swivumbeko swa michini leswi heleleke, swivumbeko swa ku karhala, na ku lwisana na ku bola. Leswi swifanele ku tekiwa xiboho kuya hi swilaveko swokarhi swa matirhiselo ya xivumbeko xa welded.

 

1. Ku nonoka ka welding zone leyi khumbekaka hi ku hisa .

 

Ku tiya ka ndzhawu leyi khumbekaka hi ku hisa ka welding ngopfu ngopfu swiya hi xivumbeko xa ti khemikhali xikan’we na swiyimo swo kufumela swa base material leyi faneleke ku welderiwa. Essence iku kombisa swivumbeko swa xivumbeko xa metallographic xa tinsimbi to hambana hambana. Xikambelo xa ku nonoka xi olova swinene. Hikokwalaho, ku tiya ka le henhla swinene HMAX ya ndzhawu leyi tirhisiwaka ngopfu leyi khumbekaka hi kuhisa (hi ntolovelo eka ndzhawu ya fusion) yitirhisiwa ku avanyisa matirhelo ya ndzhawu leyi khumbekaka hi kuhisa. Yinga tirhisiwa ku vhumbha hindlela yoka yinga kongomanga ku tiya, brittleness xikan’we naku lwisana na ku pandzeka ka ndzhawu leyi khumbekaka hi kuhisa. Emalembeni ya sweswinyana, HMAX ya HAZ yi tekiwile tanihi xikombiso xa nkoka xo kambela weldability. Swi lava ku kombisiwa leswaku hambi ku ri eka nhlengeletano yin’we, ku ni ku nonon’hwa ko hambana-hambana. Leswi swifambelana swinene na nhlayo ya carbon ya base metal, alloy composition xikan’we na swiyimo swo kufumela. Hikokwalaho, switsundzuxiwa kutirhisa nsimbi leyi humesiwaka hi muendli wo tshembheka na nkarhi hinkwawo kuva a welda ku tiyisisa khwalithi leyi tiyeke.

 

2. Embrittlement ya welding zone leyi khumbekaka hi ku hisa .

 

Embrittlement ya welding heat-affected zone yitala kuva xivangelo lexikulu xa ku pandzeka naku tsandzeka ka brittle ya welded joints. Hikuya hi data ya sweswi ya vuhumelerisi na vuxokoxoko, tifomo ta embrittlement ti katsa coarse crystal embrittlement, ku embrittlement ka mpfula, ku embrittlement ka thermal strain aging, embrittlement ya hydrogen, structure transition embrittlement, na graphite embrittlement.

 

1) Ku rhungeleriwa ka crystal ka coarse. Hikokwalaho ka mbuyelo wa thermal cycling, grain coarsening yihumelela ekusuhi na fusion line xikan’we na ndzhawu yo hisa ngopfu ya welded joint. Ti grains ta coarse tita khumba swinene brittleness ya xivumbeko xa base metal. Hiku angarhela, loko vukulu bya mavele byiri byikulu, mahiselo ya brittle ya cinca yava ya brittle.

2) Mpfula na ku rhungeleriwa. Hi nkarhi wa ku dyuhala kumbe endlelo ro titimela, ti carbides, nitrides, intermetallic compounds na swin’wana swa metastable intermediates switava swi hatlisisiwa eka supersaturated solid solution. Swiphemu leswi swintshwa leswi hatlisisiweke swi engetela matimba, ku tiya na brittleness ya tinsimbi kumbe ti alloys. Xiendlakalo lexi xi vuriwa ku embrittlement ka mpfula.

3) Ku hlanganisiwa ka tinyama. Embrittlement leyi vangiwaka hiku humelela ka brittle na xivumbeko xo tiya eka welding haz swivuriwa structure embrittlement. Eka tinsimbi ta xiyimo xale henhla ta low-carbon ta low-carbon leti tirhisiwaka ngopfu, xivumbeko xa embrittlement ya welded HAZ ngopfu ngopfu xivangiwa hi ma component ya MA, upper bainite, na coarse widmanstatten structure. Kambe eka tinsimbi letingana carbon yale henhla (hi xitalo ≥0.2%), xivumbeko xa embrittlement ngopfu ngopfu xivangiwa hi martensite ya carbon yale henhla.

4) Thermal strain aging embrittlement ya HAZ. Xivumbeko xa welding xifanele ku lulamisiwa eka maendlelo ya vumaki, kufana na switirhisiwa, ku tsemeta, ku endla xirhami, ku tsema gasi, ku welda na swin’wana swo hisa. Muxaka wa ndzhawu na ku onhaka ka plastiki loku vangiwaka hi ku lulamisiwa loku swina nkucetelo lowukulu eka embrittlement ya welded haz. Embrittlement leyi vangiwaka hi magoza lawa ya processing yivuriwa thermal strain aging embrittlement. Strain aging embrittlement yinga avanyisiwa hi static strain aging embrittlement na dynamic strain aging embrittlement. Hi ku angarhela, 'blue brittleness' yi wela eka xiendlakalo xa dynamic strain aging.

3. Ku tiya ka welding zone leyi khumbekaka hi ku hisa .

Welding HAZ i miri lowu nga faniki eka xivumbeko na matirhelo. Fusion zone na coarse-grained zone switala kuva na embrittlement naswona swi wela eka ndzhawu leyi tsaneke ya nhlangano hinkwawo wa welded. Hikokwalaho, swa laveka ku antswisa ku nonoka ka welded haz. Hi ku ya hi ndzavisiso, tindlela timbirhi leti landzelaka ti nga tirhisiwa ku tiya HAZ.

1) Ku lawula nhlangano. Nsimbi ya low-alloy yifanele ku lawula nhlayo ya carbon, leswaku sisiteme ya alloying element yiva sisiteme yo tiyisisa ya ti traces ta low-carbon ta ti elements totala ta alloying. Hikwalaho ka sweswo, ehansi ka swiyimo swo kufumela swa welding, HAZ yi hangalasiwa hi swiphemuphemu leswi tiyisiweke hi ku hangalaka, naswona martensite ya khaboni ya le hansi, bainite ya le hansi na acicular ferrite swi humelerisiwa eka xivumbeko xa yona hi ku tiya ko antswa. Xavumbirhi, ku hambanisiwa ka mindzilakano ya mavele swifanele ku lawuriwa hilaha swinga kotekaka hakona.

2) Vutshunguri byo nonoka. Swivumbeko swin’wana swa nkoka switala kutirhisa vutshunguri bya ku hisa endzhaku ka weld ku antswisa matirhelo ya nhlonge. Hambiswiritano, swivumbeko swin’wana leswikulu ni leswi rharhanganeke swi amukela vutshunguri bya kwalaho byo hisa, leswi swi nonon’hwaka swinene loko swi tirha hakunene. Hikokwalaho, ku hlawuriwa lokunene ka welding heat input, ku endliwa ka endlelo ro welda leri ringaneleke, na ku lulamisiwa ka mahiselo ya preheating na post-heating i magoza lawa ya tirhaka ku antswisa welding toughness.

Ku engetela kwalaho, ku na tindlela tin’wana to antswisa ku nonoka ka HAZ. Hi xikombiso, nsimbi ya grain ya kahle yi amukela endlelo leri lawuriwaka ku ya emahlweni yi antswisa mavele ya ferrite, leswi nga ta tlhela swi antswisa ku tiya ka swilo leswi. Leswi swiya hi element content ya base metal hi yoxe naswona swi fambelana na thekinoloji ya smelting.

Xa vumune, ku olovisiwa ka ndhawu leyi khumbekaka hi ku hisa ka welding .

Eka tinsimbi kumbe ti alloys leti tiyisiweke hiku nonoka ka cold work kumbe ku hisa loko kungase welda, ti degrees to hambana ta matimba ya vector hi xitalo tita humelela eka ndzhawu leyi khumbekaka hi ku hisa ka welding. Lexi tolovelekeke ngopfu i tinsimbi ta matimba yale henhla letinga cinciwa xikan’we na ti alloys letingana ku tiyisisiwa ka mpfula xikan’we naku tiyisiwa ka ku hangalaka, xikan’we na matimba yo olova kumbe ya vector lawa ya humelerisiwaka eka ndzhawu leyi khumbekaka hi kuhisa endzhaku ka ku welda. Loko welding yi tima no titimela, degree yo olova ya HAZ yi fambelana na xiyimo xa heat treatment xa base material loko kungase endliwa welding. Loko mahiselo yo titimela ya vutshunguri byo tima na ku titimela loko kungase welda nsimbi yale hansi, loko mpimo wa ku tiyisiwa, ku olova ka post-welding kuta humelela swinene. Nhlayo leyikulu ya datha ya ndzavisiso lowu tirhaka yi kombisa leswaku loko ku tirhisiwa tindlela to hambana ta welding na matimba yo hambana ya welding wire, xiyimo lexi nga erivaleni swinene xa ku olova eka HAZ i mahiselo exikarhi ka A1-A3.

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