Hangao tech (seko mishini), eneminyaka engama-20 yesipiliyoni ekuthuthukisweni nasekukhiqizweni kwe I-Stainless Insimbi Industrial Welded Ukukhiqizwa Kwemishini Yezimboni , izokuthatha ukuze uqonde izimo ezahlukahlukene ze-Welding Heath Soure phakathi nenqubo ye-Welding kanye nomthelela kwikhwalithi ye-Weld.
Indawo ethintekile ekushiseni (i-haz) ye-welding ihlukile ku-weld. I-Welding Seams ingashintshwa, isetshenziselwe kabusha futhi i-welding inqubo efanelekile ngokuqanjwa kwamakhemikhali kwensimbi eyisisekelo ukuze kuqinisekiswe izidingo zokusebenza. Kodwa-ke, akunakwenzeka ukulungisa ukusebenza kwendawo ethintekile ukushisa ngokusebenzisa ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali. Kuyinkinga yokusatshalaliswa kwezicubu okungalingani okwenzeka kuphela ngaphansi kwesenzo sokuhamba ngebhayisikile. Kwezinhlaka ezijwayelekile ze-Welded, izindaba ezine zokufona, eziqinisa, zilukhuni, nokuthambisa indawo ethintekile ukushisa kubhekwa kakhulu, kanye nezindawo eziningi zemishini, izakhiwo zokukhathala, kanye nokuphikiswa kokugqwala. Lokhu kufanele kunqunywe ngokuya ngezidingo ezithile zokusetshenziswa kwesakhiwo se-welded.
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Ubulukhuni besindawo esithinteke kakhulu esishisayo buxhomekeka ekubumbeni amakhemikhali kanye nemibandela yokuphola yezimpahla eziyisisekelo ezizokwenziwa. Umnyombo ukukhombisa izakhiwo zesakhiwo se-metallographic of izinsimbi ezihlukile. Ukuhlolwa kobulukhuni kulula kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ubunzima obukhulu kakhulu i-hmax yendawo evame ukusetshenziswa ukushisa (imvamisa endaweni yokushisa) isetshenziselwa ukwahlulela ukusebenza kwendawo ethinteke ukushisa. Ingasetshenziswa ngokungaqondile ukubikezela ngobunzima, ubucwebe kanye nokumelana nokuqhekeka kwendawo ethinteke ukushisa. Eminyakeni yamuva, i-HAZAX ye-haz iye yabhekwa njengophawu olubalulekile lokuhlola ukushelwa. Kudinga ukuboniswa ukuthi ngisho nasenhlanganweni efanayo, kukhona ubunzima obuhlukile. Lokhu kuhlobene kakhulu nokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni yensimbi eyisisekelo, ukwakheka kwe-alloy kanye nemibandela yokupholisa. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukusebenzisa insimbi ekhiqizwa ngumkhiqizi onokwethenjelwa futhi ojwayelekile wokufaka ama-welding ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi ezinzile.
2. Ukutholwa kokushisa kwe-welding
Ukufakelwa kwendawo yokushisa okufudumele okufudumele kuvame ukuba yimbangela eyinhloko yokuqhekeka nokuhluleka kwe-brittle kwamalunga we-welded. Ngokwemininingwane yokukhiqiza yamanje kanye nolwazi, amafomu okufakelwa afaka i-coarsal eforstal emfrittlement, i-prepariture emunctlement, i-hyrrogen string agaringlement, i-hydrogen emfritlement, i-traprogen emfyutgement, i-graphite devitylement.
1) I-Coarse Crystal Embrittlement. Ngenxa yomphumela wokuhamba ngebhayisikile okushisayo, ukugcwala okusanhlamvu kwenzeka eduze komugqa we-fusion futhi kuncishiswe indawo ehlanganiswe ngokuhlangana kwe-welded. Ama-coarse okusanhlamvu azothinta kakhulu ubucwebe besakhiwo sensimbi eyisisekelo. Ngokuvamile, ubukhulu usayizi wokusanhlamvu, okuphezulu kokushisa kwenguquko kwe-brittle.
2) Imvula kanye nokufona. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuguga noma yokulangazelela, ama-carbides, ama-nitrides, amakhompiyutha aphakathi nendawo kanye nezinye izinto ezicashile zizokwenziwa kahle kusixazululo esiqinile se-supersaturated. Lezi zigaba ezintsha zezinwele zikhulisa amandla, ubulukhuni kanye nobunzima bezinsimbi noma ama-alloys. Le nto ibizwa ngokuthi yi-preciture effittlement.
3) Ukutholwa kwezicubu. Ukufakelwa okubangelwa ukubukeka kwe-brittle kanye nokwakheka kanzima e-welding hazi kubizwa ngokuthi ukwakheka kwesakhiwo. Ngensimbi esetshenziswa kakhulu ye-carbon low-albon ephansi, ukwakheka kwesakhiwo kwe-welded hain kubangelwa yingxenye ye-MA, iBaini ephezulu, nesakhiwo se-coarse sandmansstatten. Kepha ngensimbi enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwekhabhoni (Ngokuvamile ≥0.2%), ukwakheka kwesakhiwo kudalwa ikakhulukazi yi-High-Carbon Martensite.
4) Ukuqunjelwa kokuguga okushisayo kwe-haz. Ukwakheka kwe-welding kudinga ukucutshungulwa kwinqubo yokukhiqiza, njengokukhungathekisa, ukugunda, ukwakha amakhaza, ukusika igesi, ukushibilika nokunye ukucubungula okushisayo nokunye ukucubungula. Uhlobo lwendawo kanye noshintsho lwepulasitiki olubangelwa yilezi zinto lube nethonya elikhulu ekufenina kwe-haz efulelwe. I-Enbrittlement ebangelwa yilezi zinyathelo zokucubungula ibizwa ngokuthi yi-Train Train Grain Age Embrittlement. Ukufowa kwe-strain aging ukuhlukaniswa kungahlukaniswa kube yi-static string age embinglement kanye nokufutheka okunamandla okuguga okunamandla. Ngokujwayelekile,
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I-Welding Hazi ingumzimba ongeyena umfaniswano ekwakhiweni nasekusebenzeni. Indawo enobuthi kanye nendawo enamatshe abunjiwe ithambekele ekuhlolweni okukhethekile futhi ingeyasendaweni ebuthakathaka yokuhlanganiswa kwe-welded. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuthuthukisa ubulukhuni be-haz ye-welded. Ngokokucwaninga, lezi zindlela ezimbili ezilandelayo zingasetshenziswa ukuqinisa i-haz.
1) Lawula inhlangano. Insimbi ephansi-alloy kufanele ilawule okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni, ukuze uhlelo lwe-Alloying Element luwuhlelo oluqinisayo lweminonjana yekhabhoni ephansi yezakhi eziningi ze-alloying. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngaphansi kwezimo ezipholile zokufudumala, i-haz isatshalaliswa ngezinhlayiya eziqiniswe ngokuhlaselwa, kanye ne-carbon marbon, i-banite ephansi kanye ne-acricular ferrite zikhiqizwa esakhiweni esingcono. Okwesibili, ukwahlukaniswa kwemingcele yokusanhlamvu kufanele kulawulwe ngangokunokwenzeka.
2) Ukwelashwa okunamandla. Ezinye izakhiwo ezibalulekile zivame ukusebenzisa ukwelashwa okushisa kwe-post-weld ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kokuhlanganiswa. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izakhiwo ezinkulu neziyinkimbinkimbi zamukela ukwelashwa kokushisa kwendawo, okunzima ngokwengeziwe ekusebenzeni kwangempela. Ngakho-ke, ukukhethwa okulungile kokufakwa kokushisa kwe-welding, ukwakheka kwenqubo yokufafaza okunengqondo, kanye nokulungiswa kwamazinga okushisa okushisa nokushisa kwangemva kokushisa kuyizinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokwenza ngcono ubutha be-welding.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinye izindlela zokwenza ngcono ubulukhuni be-haz. Isibonelo, insimbi ekhonjwe kahle yamukele inqubo elawulwayo yokuqhubeka nokuhlanza okusanhlamvu kwe-Ferrite, okuzothuthukisa ubunzima bezinto ezibonakalayo. Lokhu kuncike kokuqukethwe kwe-element kwensimbi eyisisekelo uqobo futhi kuhlobene nobuchwepheshe bokubhema.
Okwesine, ukuthambisa indawo ethinta ukushisa eshisayo
Okwezinsimbi noma ama-alloys aqiniswe ngokuqina okubandayo noma ukwelashwa okushisa ngaphambi kokufudumala, amazinga ahlukene wamandla we-vector ngokuvamile azovela endaweni ethinta ukushisa eshisayo. Okujwayelekile kakhulu ngamatshe anamandla anamandla alungiselelwe kanye nama-alloys aqinisa umoya wokuqinisa nokusakazeka, kanye namandla okuthambisa noma ama-vector akhiqizwa endaweni ethintekile ukushisa ngemuva kokushisa ngemuva kokushiswa. Lapho i-welding icimezelwe futhi inensimbi ethambile, izinga lokuthambisa kwe-haz lihlobene nesimo sokwelashwa kokushisa kwesisekelo sezinto ngaphambi kokushiswa. Okwehlisela izinga lokushisa elifudumele lokuphathwa nokufudumala ngaphambi kokushiswa kwensimbi eyisisekelo, kukhula kakhulu ukuthambisa okuthe xaxa kwe-post-welding kuzokwenzeka. Inani elikhulu lemininingwane yocwaningo olusebenzayo libonisa ukuthi lapho kusetshenziswa izindlela ezahlukahlukene ze-welding kanye namandla ahlukile we-wire wire, isikhundla esisobala sokuthambisa ku-hazi ukushisa phakathi kwe-A1-A3.
