Olandelayo, I-Hangaso Tehc (Seko Imishini) izoqhubeka nokukuthatha ukuze uqonde izinkinga ezingase zivele ngesikhathi senqubo yokufaka futhi sikusize uvikele futhi uxazulule izinkinga ezinjalo.
03 Ukuqhekeka okushisayo kwe-Welding (ukuqhekeka kwe-crystallization kuma-welds, ukuqhekeka kwe-liquefaction emkhakheni othinteke kakhulu)
Ukuzwela kokuqhekeka okushisayo ikakhulukazi kuncike ekubukeni kwamakhemikhali, inhlangano kanye nokwenza izinto. Kulula ukwakha amakhompiyutha aphansi okuncibilikisa noma ama-eutectic ngokungcola okufana no-S noP. Ukuhlukaniswa kweBoron noSilico kuzothuthukisa ukuqhekeka okushisayo.
I-Weld Seam kulula ukwakha isakhiwo se-crystal ye-coarse colstal enokuqondisa okuqinile, okulungele ukwahlukaniswa kokungcola okulimazayo nezinto. Lokhu kukhuthaza ukwakheka kwefilimu eliwuketshezi eliqhubekayo futhi kuthuthukisa ukuzwela kokuqhekeka okushisayo. Uma i-welding ingashintshiwe ngokufana, kulula ukwakha ingcindezi enkulu ye-tensile futhi ikhuthaze isizukulwane sokuqhekeka okushisayo kwe-welding.
Izindlela zokuvimbela:
a. Lawula ngokuqinile okuqukethwe okulimazayo okulimazayo s no-P.
b. Lungisa inhlangano yensimbi yeWeld. Isakhiwo esisesigabeni esimbaxambili sinokumelana kahle nokuqhekeka okuhle. Isigaba se-Delta eWeld singacwilisa okusanhlamvu, ukuqeda ukuqondiswa kwe-austomite yesigaba esisodwa, kunciphise ukuhlukaniswa kokungcola okulimazayo emngceleni wokusanhlamvu, futhi isigaba se-Delta singancipha kakhulu ama-S no-P singanciphisa amandla wefilimu elihlanganayo.
c. Lungisa ukwakheka kwe-alloy ye-weld. Ngokufanelekile ukukhulisa okuqukethwe kwe-MN, C, ne-N kwi-auntenitic yesigaba esisodwa, bese wengeza inani elincane lezinto zokulandela umkhondo njenge-certium, i-pickaxe, ne-tantalum (ezingahle zihlanze umngcele wokuhlanza okusanhlamvu.
d. Inqubo inqubo. Nciphisa ngokweqile ukugcwala kwechibi elibunjiwe ukuvikela ukwakheka kwamakristalu amakhulu omlomo. Sebenzisa okokufaka okushisa okuncane kanye nobuhlalu obuncane besigaba. A Idivaysi yokuzinza ye-arc ingangezwa ngesikhathi se-welding ukunciphisa indawo ye-molten pool, ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwesibhamu se-welding, futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi ye-welding.
Isibonelo, i-25-20 Auntenitic Steel ithambekele ekuqhekekeni kwe-liquefaction. Kungenzeka ukukhawulela ngokuqinile okuqukethwe kokungcola kanye nosayizi wokusanhlamvu wezinto zesisekelo, amukele izindlela eziphakeme ze-welding ye-welding, okufakwayo okuncane kokushisa futhi andise izinga lokupholisa amalunga.
04 ukufowa kokuhlangana kwe-welded
Insimbi yokuqinisa ukushisa kufanele iqinisekise ukuthi i-plasticity of amalunga ase-welded ukuvikela ukuqunjelwa okuphezulu; Izinsimbi zokushisa eziphansi ziyadingeka ukuze zibe nobunzima obuncane bokushisa okuphansi ukuvimbela ukuqhekeka okuphansi kwamazinga okushisa amalunga ase-welded.
Ukuhlanekezela okukhulu kwe-Welding
Ngenxa yokuvuselelwa okuphansi okushisayo kanye ne-coefficial enkulu yokwanda, ukuguquguquka kwe-welding kukhulu, futhi ama-clamp angasetshenziswa ukuvikela ukonakala. Indlela ye-Welding yensimbi ye-auntenitic engenasici kanye nokukhethwa kwezinto zokufaka izinsimbi:
Insimbi ye-auntenitic engagqwali ingafakwa i-argon tungsten arlc welding (tig), i-argen argon arc welding (mig), i-plasma Argon arc welding (i-arch) ye-arc (saw).
Insimbi ye-auntenitic engagqwali ine-welding yamanje ye-welding yamanje ngenxa yephuzu layo eliphansi eliphansi, ukuvumelanisa okuphansi okushisayo, kanye nokumelana nogesi okuphezulu. Ama-welds amancane nobuhlalu kufanele asetshenziselwe ukunciphisa isikhathi sokuhlala izinga lokushisa eliphakeme, vimbela ukucindezelwa kwe-carbide, kunciphise ukucindezela kwe-weld shrinkage, futhi kunciphise ukuzwela okushisayo.
Ukwakheka kwezinto zokufaka izinsimbi, ikakhulukazi ama-cr ne-nI wooling izinto, ziphakeme kunalezo ezibonakalayo zesisekelo. Sebenzisa izinto ze-welding eziqukethe inani elincane (4-12%) le-ferrite ukuqinisekisa ukumelana okuhle kokuqhekeka (ukuqhekeka okubandayo, ukuqhekeka okushisayo, ukuqhekeka kokugqwala kwengcindezi) ukusebenza kwe-weld.
Lapho isigaba se-Ferrite singavunyelwe noma singenzeki eWeld, izinto zokufaka i-welding kufanele kube yizinto eziphilayo eziqukethe uMo, MN nezinye izinto ze-alloy.
I-C, s, p, si, kanye ne-NB ezintweni ezibonakalayo ze-welding kufanele ziphansi ngangokunokwenzeka. I-NB izobangela ukuqhekeka okuqinile ku-auntenitic aututenitic ye-autenitic, kepha inani elincane le-ferrite eWeld lingavikeleka ngempumelelo.
Okwezinhlaka ze-welding ezidinga ukuqiniswa noma ukucindezelwa kwengcindezi ngemuva kokushiswa, izinto eziqukethe izinsimbi ze-NB zivame ukusetshenziswa. I-Welding ye-ARC engenisiwe isetshenziselwa ukwehla ipuleti eliphakathi nendawo, futhi ukulahlekelwa okuvuthayo kwe-CR ne-NI kungangezwa ukuguqulwa koshintsho lwe-flux kanye nezinto ze-alloy ku-welding wire;
Ngenxa yokujula okukhulu kokungena, ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ukuvikela ukwenzeka kokuqhekeka okushisayo enkabeni yeWeld kanye nokuncishiswa kokuphikiswa kokugqwala endaweni ethinteke ekushiseni. Ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe ekukhetheni ngocingo oluncane lwe-welding kanye nokufakwa okushisa okuncane kwe-welding. I-wire ye-welding idinga ukwehla ku-si, s, no-P.
Okuqukethwe kwe-ferrite eWelld engazweli engahambisani nokushisa akufanele yedlule i-5%. Ngensimbi engenacala nge-CR ne-NI engaphezulu kwama-20%, i-arkali (engu-6-8%) ye-welding wire kufanele isetshenziswe, futhi i-alkali noma i-alkaline noma i-flux kufanele isetshenziswe njenge-flux ukuvikela ukwengezwa kwe-weld futhi kuthuthukise ukumelana kwayo kokuqhekeka.
I-flux ekhethekile yensimbi engenasici anciphise kakhulu kwe-SI, engadlulisela i-alloy ku-weld futhi inxephezele ukulahlekelwa okuvuthayo kwezidingo ze-wolloy kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali.
