Swihlawulekisi swa welding swa austenitic stainless steel: ntshikelelo wa elastic na plastic na strain hinkarhi wa welding process i swikulu swinene, kambe ti cold cracks ati tali ku humelela. Akuna quench hardening zone xikan’we na grain coarsening eka welded joint, hikokwalaho matimba ya tensile ya weld ya le henhla.
Swiphiqo leswikulu swa austenitic stainless steel welding: ku onhaka lokukulu ka welding; Hikokwalaho ka swihlawulekisi swa yona swa ndzilakano wa mavele xikan’we naku twisisa eka thyaka rokarhi ra trace (S, P), swa olova ku humesa maphaphatani yo hisa.
Swiphiqo swa ntlhanu leswikulu swa ku welda ni swipimelo swa vutshunguri bya nsimbi leyi nga riki na swilo leyi nga ni austenitic .
1. Ku endliwa ka chromium carbide swi hunguta vuswikoti bya mahlangano lama weldiweke ku lwisana na intergranular corrosion.
Intergranular corrosion: Hikuya hi theory ya chromium depletion, chromium carbide yi khuluka eka mindzilakano ya grain loko weld na heat-affected zone swi hisiwa kuya eka sensitization temperature zone ya 450-850°C, leswi endlaka leswaku kuva na mindzilakano ya grain leyi onhaka chromium, leswinga ringanelangiki ku lwisana na kuna.
(1) Mimpimo leyi landzelaka yi nga tirhisiwa ku hunguta ku rhurhumela exikarhi ka weld seam na ndhawu ya mahiselo ya sensitization eka nchumu lowu kongomisiweke:
a. Pfuxeta nhlayo ya khaboni ya nsimbi ya le hansi na ti welds, engetela swiaki swo tiyisisa TI, NB na swin’wana eka nsimbi ya le hansi ku nyika nkoka eka ku tumbuluxiwa ka MC ku papalata ku tumbuluxiwa ka CR23C6.
b. Endla leswaku weld yi endla xivumbeko xa swiphemu swimbirhi xa austenite na nhlayo yintsongo ya ferrite. Loko kuri na nhlayo yokarhi ya ferrite eka weld, mavele yanga antswisiwa, ndzhawu ya mavele yinga engeteriwa, naswona mpfula ya chromium carbide hi unit ya ??ndzilakano wa mavele wunga hunguteka. Chromium yi khuluka swinene eka ferrite. CR23C6 yitsakela ku endliwa eka ferrite handle ko endla leswaku mindzilakano ya mavele ya austenite yi hela eka chromium; Ku hangalaka ka ferrite exikarhi ka ti austenites swinga sivela ku bola kuya hi ndzilakano wa mavele kuya eka ku hangalaka ka le ndzeni.
C. Lawula nkarhi wo tshama eka xiyimo xa mahiselo ya sensitization. Lulamisa welding thermal cycle, pfuxeta nkarhi wo tshama wa 600～1000°C hi laha swi kotekaka ha kona, hlawula ndlela yo welda leyi nga na density ya matimba ya le henhla (ku fana na plasma argon arc welding), hlawula welding heat input leyintsongo, naswona u hundza argon endzhaku ka weld ku papalatiwa ku papalatiwa ku tirhisa copper pad ku engetela mpimo wa ku titimela ka welded coint, ku hunguta arc ku sungula na ku hela ka weld na ku tirhisa copper pad ku engetela cooling rate ya welded, reduce the arc the welding the weld ku sungula na ku herisa ku papalatiwa ku tirhisa copper pad ku engetela cooling rate ya welded coint, ku hunguta arc ku sungula na ku hela ka weld kumbe ku tirhisa copper pad ku engetela cooling rate ya welded, reduce the arc the weld . Corrosive medium hi nkarhi wa multilayer welding yifanele ku welderiwa hindlela yohetelela hilaha swinga kotekaka hakona.
d. Endzhaku ka ku welda, endla vutshunguri bya solution kumbe stabilization annealing (850～900°C) na ku kufumela ka moya ku endla leswaku ti carbides ti chaja na ku hatlisisa ku hangalaka ka chromium).
(2) ku rhurhumela ka xivumbeko xa banga ka mahlangano lama weldiweke. Hi xivangelo lexi, magoza lawa ya landzelaka ya nsivelo yanga tekiwa:
hikokwalaho ka vuswikoti bya matimba bya ku hangalaka ka khaboni, yita hambanyisa eka ndzilakano wa mavele kuva yi endla xiyimo xa supersaturated hinkarhi wa maendlelo yo kufumela, kasi Ti na NB switshama swiri eka crystal hikokwalaho ka vuswikoti bya le hansi bya diffusion. Loko welded joint yi hisiwa nakambe eka sensitization temperature range, supersaturated carbon yita khuluka hi xivumbeko xa CR23C6 exikarhi ka ti crystals.
a. Ku hunguta nhlayo ya khaboni. Eka stainless steel leyingana ti stabilizing elements, nhlayo ya carbon ayifanelanga ku tlula 0.06%.
b. Tirhisa endlelo leri ringaneleke ro welda. Hlawula welding heat input leyintsongo ku hunguta nkarhi wo tshama wa ndzhawu leyi hisiweke ngopfu eka mahiselo yale henhla, naswona u nyikela nyingiso eka ku papalata 'medium temperature sensitization' effect hi nkarhi wa maendlelo ya welding. Loko ku welda ka matlhelo mambirhi, weld leyi hlanganaka na corrosive medium yifanele ku welderiwa rohetelela (leswi i xivangelo xa leswaku ku welda ka le ndzeni ka tiphayiphi ta welded ta thick-wall ya diameter leyikulu ku endliwa endzhaku ka welding yale handle). Loko yinga tirhisiwi, welding specification na weld shape swifanele ku lulamisiwa kuva swi papalata ndzhawu leyi hisiweke ngopfu eka contact na corrosive medium yitlhela yiva na vuxiyaxiya naswona yi hisiwa.
C. Vutshunguri bya ku hisa bya le ndzhaku ka weld. Endla vutshunguri bya solution kumbe stabilization endzhaku ka ku welda.
2. Ku pandzeka ka ku rhurhumela ka ntshikilelo .
Mimpimo leyi landzelaka yi nga tirhisiwa ku sivela ku pandzeka ka ntshikelelo wa ntshikelelo ku humelela:
a. Hlawula kahle switirhisiwa naswona u lulamisa hi ndlela leyi twalaka xivumbeko xa weld. Nsimbi leyi nga riki na swilo leyi nga riki na swilo leyi tengeke ya chromium-nickel austenitic leyi tengeke, nsimbi ya le henhla ya silicon chromium-nickel austenitic stainless steel, ferritic-austenitic stainless steel, high-chromium ferritic stainless steel, na swin’wana na swin’wana yi na ntshikelelo wa kahle wo tiya, naswona nsimbi ya weld i austenitic yi na ntshikelelo wa kahle wo kariha eka xivumbeko xa dualphase ya nsimbi ya stenite ya stenite ya stenite ya stenite ya stenite ya stenite ya stenite ya stenite ya stenite ya stenite ya stenite ya stenite ya stenite ya stenite ya stenite ya stenlite ya stente.
b. ku herisa kumbe ku hunguta ntshikilelo lowu saleke. Endla vutshunguri bya post-weld stress relief heat treatment, naswona tirhisa tindlela ta michini to fana na ku pholisha, ku hlantswa hi ku duvula na ku hammer ku hunguta ntshikelelo wa le henhla wa masalela.
C. Dizayini ya xivumbeko lexi twalaka. Ku papalata ku hlanganisiwa lokukulu ka ntshikilelo.
3. Ku welda ku pandzeka loku hisaka (ku pandzeka ka crystallization eka ti welds, ku pandzeka ka mati eka ndzhawu leyi khumbekaka hi ku hisa) .
Ku twisisa ka thermal cracking ngopfu ngopfu swiya hi xivumbeko xa ti khemikhali, nhlengeletano na matirhelo ya material. Ni ya olova ku endla ti melting point compounds tale hansi kumbe eutectic na thyaka rofana na S na P. Ku hambanisiwa ka boron na silicon swita hlohletela ku pandzeka ka mahiselo. Weld ya olova ku endla xivumbeko xa crystal ya columnar yo tsindziyela leyi nga na directionality yo tiya, leswi pfunaka eka ku hambanisiwa ka thyaka na swiaki leswi nga ni khombo. Leswi swi hlohletela ku endliwa ka filimi ya mati ya intergranular leyi yaka emahlweni naswona swi antswisa ku twisisa ka ku pandzeka ka mahiselo. Loko welding yinga hisiki hindlela leyi fanaka, swa olova ku endla tensile stress leyikulu naku hlohletela ku tumbuluxiwa ka welding hot cracks.
Magoza yo sivela:
a. Ku lawula hi ku hetiseka leswi nga endzeni ka thyaka leri nga ni khombo s na P.
b. Lulamisa xivumbeko xa nsimbi ya weld. Xivumbeko xa dual-phase weld xina ku lwisana kahle na ku pandzeka. Xiphemu xa delta eka weld xinga antswisa mavele, ku herisa directionality ya single-phase austenite, ku hunguta ku hambanisiwa ka thyaka leri nga na khombo eka ndzilakano wa mavele, naswona xiphemu xa delta xinga n’okisela ngopfu S na P swinga hunguta matimba ya interface naku hlela ku vumbiwa ka intergranular liquid film.
C. Lulamisa xivumbeko xa weld metal alloy. Ku engetela hindlela leyi faneleke nhlayo ya Mn, C, na N eka single-phase austenitic steel, naswona u engetela nhlayo yitsongo ya ti trace elements tofana na cerium, pickaxe, na tantalum (leswi swinga antswisaka xivumbeko xa weld naku basisa ndzilakano wa mavele), leswinga hunguta ku twisisa ka thermal cracking.
d. Mimpimo ya phurosese. Pfuxeta ku hisa ngopfu ka xidziva lexi n’okiweke leswaku kutava na ku endliwa ka ti crystals to tiya ta columnar. Tirhisa vuhlalu lebyintsongo bya ku hisa na vuhlalu lebyintsongo bya weld bya xiphemu xo tsemakanya.
Xikombiso, 25-20 austenitic steel yitala kuva na ku pandzeka ka mati. Swinga koteka ku ringanyeta hiku hetiseka nhlayo ya thyaka na vukulu bya mavele ya base material, ku amukela tindlela ta high energy density welding, ku nghenisiwa ka kuhisa lokuntsongo xikan’we naku engetela mpimo wa ku kufumela ka mahlangano.
4. Embrittlement ya swihlanganisi leswi weldiweke .
Nsimbi leyi tiyeke ku hisa yifanele kutiyisisa leswaku pulasitiki ya ti welded joints tifanele ku sivela embrittlement ya mahiselo yale henhla; Ti steels ta mahiselo yale hansi ti laveka kuva tiri na toughness ya kahle ya low-temperature kuva ti sivela brittle fracture ya brittle ya mahiselo yale hansi ya welded joints.
5. Ku soholotiwa lokukulu ka ku welda .
Hikokwalaho ka thermal conductivity yale hansi xikan’we na expansion coefficient leyikulu, welding deformation yikulu, naswona ti clamps tinga tirhisiwa ku sivela deformation.
Loko u tlhela u va na swiphiqo leswi boxiweke laha henhla, u nga kambisisa xiendlakalo lexi hi ku languta endlelo ro welda tiphayiphi. Kutani teka magoza lama fambelanaka ku tlhantlha xiphiqo hi ku ya hi xiyimo lexi fambelanaka. Ku engetela eka nhlayo ya elemente ya nchumu hi woxe, xivumbeko, ku hangalasiwa ka ti arch, current yo welda, na rivilo ra welding ra welded pipe unit switava na nkucetelo wokarhi eka khwalithi ya welded pipe. Tanihi A . Professional manufacture of industrial welded pipe production equipment , amukela ku vulavurisana na Hangao Tech . mayelana na swiphiqo leswi u hlanganaka na swona eka vuhumelerisi bya tiphayiphi ta austenitic welded, naswona u langutele ku endla nhluvuko na wena.
