Izici ze-Welding zensimbi ye-Austonitic Engagqwali: Ukucindezelwa okunwebekile kanye notshani ngesikhathi senqubo ye-welding kukhulu kakhulu, kepha imifantu ebandayo ayivami ukuvela. Asikho indawo yokuqinisa kanzima kanye nokuhlaselwa okusanhlamvu ehlanganiswe ngokuhlangene, ngakho amandla ashubile eWeld aphezulu.
Izinkinga eziphambili ze-autenitutic yensimbi ye-welding: Ukuguqulwa okukhulu kwe-Welding; Ngenxa yezimpawu zayo zemingcele yokusanhlamvu nokuzwela kokungcola okuthile (s, p), kulula ukukhiqiza imifantu eshisayo.
Izinkinga ezinhlanu ezinkulu ze-welding kanye nezindlela zokwelashwa zensimbi ye-auntenitic engagqwali
1. Ukwakheka kweChromium Carbide kunciphisa amandla okuhlalisana we-welded ukumelana nokugqwala okuphakathi.
Ukugqwala kwenhlangano: Ngokusho komqondo we-chromium desicion, i-chromium carbide iqonde emingceleni yokusanhlamvu lapho indawo yeWeld ne-Held-athwele ifudunyezwa endaweni yokushisa ye-wedtization ye-450-850 ℃, okuholela ekulweni nokugqwala.
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Yehlisa okuqukethwe yi-carbon yensimbi eyisisekelo kanye nama-welds, engeza izinto zokuqinisa i-ti, nb nezinye izinto ku-base zensimbi ukunikeza kuqala ukwakheka kwe-CR23C6.
b. Yenza i-Weld yakha ukwakheka kwesigaba okumbaxambili kwe-Aucen ne-Ferrite encane. Lapho kunenani elithile le-ferrite eWeld, okusanhlamvu kungahlanjululwa, indawo okusanhlamvu ingandiswa, futhi imbewu ye-chromium carbide ngeyunithi ngayinye yeyunithi yendawo ?? umngcele wokusanhlamvu ungancishiswa. I-Chromium incibilika kakhulu kuFerrite. I-CR23C6 yakhiwa ngokukhethekile eFerrite ngaphandle kokubangela imingcele yokusanhlamvu e-Aucen ukuze ichithwe ku-chromium; Ukusakazeka kukaFerrite phakathi kwama-auten kungavimbela ukugqwala emngceleni wokusanhlamvu kuya kokungaphakathi.
c. Lawula isikhathi sokuhlala ekwameni kwamazinga okushisa. Lungisa umjikelezo we-welming thermal, finyeza isikhathi sokuhlala esingu-600 ~ 1000 ℃ ngangokunokwenzeka, khetha indlela yokushiswa kwamandla e-argon arc, bese udlulisa i-argon yokushisa i-welding, bese udlulisa ama-argon aqala futhi aqede ama-arc kanye nesikhathi sokugcina ukugwema ukufudumeza okuphindaphindiwe, kanye nendawo yokuxhumana ne I-Complosomive Medium ngesikhathi sokufudumeza se-multilayer kufanele ifakwe ku-welded ngokunokwenzeka.
d. Ngemuva kokufudumala, yenza ukwelashwa kwesixazululo noma ukuqina kokuzinza (850 ~ 900 ℃) nokupholisa komoya ukwenza i-carbides yokukhokhisa futhi isheshise ukufakwa kwe-chromium).
. Ngalesi sizathu, izindlela ezilandelayo zokuvimbela zingathathwa:
Ngenxa yekhono elinamandla elinamandla lekhabhoni, lizohlukanisa emngceleni wokusanhlamvu ukuze wakhe izwe eliphakeme ngesikhathi senqubo yokupholisa, ngenkathi i-TI ne-NB ihlala ikristalu ngenxa yekhono eliphansi lekhono. Lapho i-welded ehlanganisiwe ifudunyezwa futhi ebangeni lokushisa elizwakalayo, ikhabhoni ephakemeyo izokwengeza ngendlela ye-CR23C6 phakathi kwamakristalu.
a. Yehlisa okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni. Ngensimbi engagqwali equkethe izinto zokuzinza, okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni akufanele kudlule u-0.06%.
b. Sebenzisa inqubo yokufaka i-welding. Khetha okokufaka okushisa okuncane kwe-welding ukunciphisa isikhathi sokuhlala endaweni eshiswe ngokweqile ekushiseni okuphezulu, bese unaka ukugwema ukuzwela okuphakathi kwe- '' okuphakathi nendawo ngesikhathi senqubo ye-welding. Lapho i-welding ephethwe kabili, i-weld yokuxhumana ne-conlososive kufanele ibe yi-weldid yokugcina (Lesi isizathu esenza ukuthi kube nokushiswa kwamapayipi abubanzi obukhulu odongeni Uma kungakwazi ukwenziwa, ukucaciswa kwe-welding kanye nokwakheka kwe-weld kufanele kulungiswe ukuze kugwenywe indawo eshibhile ekuxhumaneni ne-Complososive Medium futhi yazwakala futhi ifudumele.
c. Ukwelashwa okushisa ngemuva kokushisa. Yenza ikhambi noma ukwelashwa okusindayo ngemuva kokushiswa.
2. Ukuqhekeka kokugqwala kwengcindezelo
Izinyathelo ezilandelayo zingasetshenziswa ukuvikela ukuqhekeka kokugqwayiza kwengcindezelo kusuka ekuveleni:
a. Khetha izinto zokwakha kahle futhi ulungise ukwakheka kwe-weld. Insimbi ephakeme ye-chromium-nickel auntenitic yensimbi engenasici, i-silicon chromium-nickel auntenitic insimbi engagqwali, insimbi yensimbi engenasici, futhi i-weld-chritium ferrititic yensimbi engenacala, futhi i-weld kanye noFerrite.
b. Susa noma wehlise ukucindezelwa okusele. Yenza ukwelashwa kokushisa kokushisa kwengcindezi ngemuva kokushelela, futhi usebenzise izindlela zemishini ezifana nokuphoqelela, ukudubula ithanga kanye nesando ukunciphisa ukucindezelwa okusele komhlaba.
c. Idizayini yesakhiwo enengqondo. Ukugwema ukugxila okukhulu kwengcindezi.
I-3. I-Welding Hot Crapts (ukuqhekeka kwe-crystallization kuma-welds, imifantu yokugeleza kwe-liquefaction endaweni ethintekile ekushiseni)
Ukuzwela kokuqhekeka okushisayo ikakhulukazi kuncike ekubukeni kwamakhemikhali, inhlangano kanye nokwenza izinto. Kulula ukwakha amakhompiyutha aphansi okuncibilikisa noma ama-eutectic ngokungcola okufana no-S noP. Ukuhlukaniswa kweBoron noSilico kuzothuthukisa ukuqhekeka okushisayo. I-Weld kulula ukwakha isakhiwo se-coarse colimnar crystal enokuqondisa okuqinile, okulungele ukuhlukaniswa kokungcola okulimazayo nezinto. Lokhu kukhuthaza ukwakheka kwefilimu eliwuketshezi eliqhubekayo futhi kuthuthukisa ukuzwela kokuqhekeka okushisayo. Uma i-welding ingashintshiwe ngokufana, kulula ukwakha ingcindezi enkulu ye-tensile futhi ikhuthaze isizukulwane sokuqhekeka okushisayo kwe-welding.
Izindlela zokuvimbela:
a. Lawula ngokuqinile okuqukethwe okulimazayo okulimazayo s no-P.
B. Lungisa ukwakheka kwensimbi ye-weld. Isakhiwo esisesigabeni esimbaxambili sinokumelana kahle nokuqhekeka okuhle. Isigaba se-Delta eWeld singacwilisa okusanhlamvu, siqede ukuqondiswa kwe-austomite yesigaba esisodwa, kunciphise ukuhlukaniswa kokungcola okulimazayo emngceleni wokusanhlamvu, futhi isigaba se-Delta singancipha kakhulu ama-s futhi p
c. Lungisa ukwakheka kwe-alloy ye-weld. Ngokufanelekile ukukhulisa okuqukethwe kwe-MN, C, ne-N kwi-auntenitic yesigaba esisodwa, bese wengeza inani elincane lezinto zokulandela umkhondo njenge-certium, i-pickaxe, ne-tantalum (ezingahle zihlanze umngcele wokuhlanza okusanhlamvu.
d. Inqubo inqubo. Nciphisa ngokweqile ukugcwala kwechibi elibunjiwe ukuvikela ukwakheka kwamakristalu amakhulu omlomo. Sebenzisa okokufaka okushisa okuncane kanye nobuhlalu obuncane besigaba.
Isibonelo, i-25-20 Auntenitic Steel ithambekele ekuqhekekeni kwe-liquefaction. Kungenzeka ukukhawulela ngokuqinile okuqukethwe kokungcola kanye nosayizi wokusanhlamvu wezinto zesisekelo, yamukela izindlela eziphakeme ze-welding izindlela, okokufaka ukushisa okuncane nokwandisa izinga lokupholisa amalunga.
I-4.
Insimbi yokuqinisa ukushisa kufanele iqinisekise ukuthi i-plasticity of amalunga ase-welded ukuvikela ukuqunjelwa okuphezulu; Izinsimbi zokushisa eziphansi ziyadingeka ukuze zibe nobunzima obuncane bokushisa okuphansi ukuvimbela ukuqhekeka okuphansi kwamazinga okushisa amalunga ase-welded.
5. Ukuhlanekezela okukhulu kwe-Welding
Ngenxa yokuvuselelwa okuphansi okushisayo kanye ne-coefficion enkulu yokunwebeka, ukuguquguquka kwe-welding kukhulu, futhi ama-clamp angasetshenziswa ukuvikela ukonakala.
Uma futhi unezinkinga eziveziwe ezingenhla, ungahlaziya into ebonakalayo ngokubheka inqubo ye-welding yepayipi. Ngemuva kwalokho thatha izindlela ezihambisanayo zokuxazulula inkinga ngokuya ngesimo esihambisanayo. Ngaphezu kokuqukethwe kwento okuqukethwe ngokwayo, isikhunta, ukusatshalaliswa kwama-arches, ijubane le-welding lamanje, futhi ijubane le-welding wePipe Pipled lizoba nomthelela othile kwikhwalithi yepayipi elinenkani. Njenge- Umakhi ochwepheshe wemishini yokukhiqizwa kwamapayipi e-Industrial Welded , wamukelekile ukuxhumana nezinkinga I-hangao tech ohlangabezana nazo ekukhiqizeni amapayipi we-auntenitic we-weld, futhi ubheke phambili ekuthuthukiseni nawe.
