Ezihlokweni zokugcina, sixoxe ngezingxenye zezimbangela kanye nezindlela zokuvimbela zensimbi enezinsimbi ezingenasici. Namuhla, sigcina sibukwa konke okunye.
6. I-Crater
Ingxenye eshiswe yilanga ekugcineni kwe-Weld yepayipi lensimbi engenasici libizwa ngokuthi yi-arc crater. I-arc crater ayisebenzi kahle ngamandla amandla e-weld lapho, kodwa futhi ikhiqiza imifantu ye-arc crater ngenxa yokugcwala kokungcola.
Izimbangela: Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi isikhathi sokugcina sokucima i-ARC sifushane kakhulu; Okwamanje kukhulu kakhulu lapho amapuleti amancane we-welding.
Izindlela zokuvimbela: Lapho i-Electrode Arc Welding ivaliwe, i-electrode kufanele ihlale echibini elibiwe isikhashana noma ligijime ngokunyakaza okuyindilinga, bese liholela ohlangothini olulodwa ukucisha i-arc ngemuva kwensimbi ebilisiwe; Lapho uTungsten Argon ARCC Welding, kumele kube khona ngokwanele isikhathi sokuhlala afakwa futhi i-ARC icishiwe ngemuva kokuthi i-Weld igcwalisiwe.
7. I-Stomata
Lapho amapayipi we-welding we-welditary wensimbi engenacala, igesi echibini elicwengekileyo yehluleka ukubalekela lapho kuqinisa futhi ama-callities akhiwa ngokusele abizwa ngama-pores. I-Posulity isici esivamile sokuphilisa, esingahlukaniswa nge-porolity yangaphakathi ne-poposity yangaphandle eWeld. I-Stomata iyindilinga, i-oval, eyakhiwe ngezinambuzane, eyakhiwe ngenaliti futhi eminyene. Ukuba khona kwama-pores ngeke kuthinte kuphela ukuhlanganiswa kwe-weld, kepha futhi kunciphise indawo ephumelelayo ye-weld futhi kunciphise izakhiwo zemishini ze-weld.
Izimbangela: Kukhona uwoyela, ukugqwala, umswakama kanye nokunye ukungcola ebusweni kanye nokugcotshwa kwepayipi le-welded yensimbi engenasici; Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-electrode kungumanzi ngesikhathi se-arc welding futhi akusomiswa ngaphambi kokusebenzisa; I-arc inde kakhulu noma i-blowing enengxenye, umphumela wokuvikelwa kwamachibi ancibilikisiwe awumuhle, umoya uhlasela ichibi elibunjiweyo; I-welding yamanje iphakeme kakhulu, i-electrode iba bomvu, ukuhlanganiswa kuvulwa kusenesikhathi, futhi umphumela wokuvikela ulahlekile; Indlela yokusebenza ayilungile, njengesenzo sokuvala i-ARC ishesha kakhulu, kulula ukukhiqiza i-shrinkage cavity, futhi isenzo esishayisanayo se-arc sokuhlangene asilungile, okulula ukukhiqiza ama-stomata aminyene, njll.
Izindlela zokuvimbela: ngaphambi kokufudumala, susa uwoyela, ukugqwala kanye nomswakama ngaphakathi kwama-20-30mm ezinhlangothini zombili ze-groove; Bhaka ngokuqinile ngokuhambisana nokushisa nesikhathi esichaziwe kwi-Electrode Manual; khetha kahle amapharamitha we-welding we-welding futhi usebenze kahle; Sebenzisa i-arc emfushane ngangokunokwenzeka, ukwakhiwa kwensimu kumele kube nezindawo ezivelayo; Ama-electrodes angavumelekile awavunyelwe, anjenge-welding core corrosion, ukuqhekeka kwe-welding, ukukhonkotha, i-eccentricity ngokweqile, njll.
8. Ukufakwa kanye nokufakwa kwe-slag
Ukuthambisa izithako ezingezona zensimbi kanye no-oxides ezisele kwinsimbi ye-weld ekhiqizwa ukusabela kwe-metallurgical. I-Slag Inclusions iyi-slag encibilikisiwe ehlala eWeld. Ukufakwa kwensimbi engenasisekelo yepayipi ye-slag slag kungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: indawo ye-slag inclusions kanye ne-strip slag inclusions. Ukufakwa kwe-slag kwenza buthaka ingxenye ephumelelayo ye-weld, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise izakhiwo zemishini ze-weld. Ukufakwa kwe-SLAG nakho kungadala ukugxila kwengcindezi, okungalimaza kalula isakhiwo se-welded lapho ilayishwa. Izimbangela: I-Slag Yokuphambana ayihlanzekile ngesikhathi senqubo yokufaka insimbi; I-welding yamanje incane kakhulu; Ijubane le-welding lishesha kakhulu; Ukusebenza akufanele ngesikhathi senqubo yokufaka insimbi; Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwezinto zokufaka izinsimbi kanye nensimbi eyisisekelo akuhambelani kahle;
Izindlela zokuvimbela: khetha ama-electrodes ngokusebenza okuhle kokususa i-SLAG; Susa ngokucophelela i-interlayer slag; khetha amapharamitha we-welding we-welding; Lungisa i-electrode angle nendlela yokuhamba.
Lapho ukhetha a Umugqa Wokukhiqiza Amapayipi we-Welded , ungacabanga ukufaka uhlelo oluhlakaniphile lwe-PLC. Uhlelo lwe -Hangayo Tech (Seko Tech) Uhlelo lwe-PLC alukwazi ukubheka kuphela idatha yokukhiqiza ngesikhathi sangempela, kepha futhi lusungule i-database ukugcina amafomula okukhiqiza amapayipi anemininingwane ehlukile, ukuze inqubo yokukhiqiza ingafinyelela amarekhodi edatha nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
9. Burch ngokusebenzisa
Ngesikhathi senqubo ye-welding, insimbi ebilamune igeleza isuka emuva kwe-groove, kanye nesici sokugcotshwa kwepayipi elingenasici sensimbi libizwa ngokuthi bushiswa. Ukushiswa ngenye yezinkinga ezijwayelekile ku-arc welding.
Izimbangela: Ijubane elikhulu lamanje le-welding, ijubane lokushisa elisheshayo, ukufudumeza ngokweqile kwepayipi elinenkani; igebe elikhulu le-groove, onqenqemeni oluncane kakhulu; Amakhono okusebenza ampofu, njll.
Izindlela zokuvimbela: Khetha amapharamitha we-welding afanelekile kanye nosayizi ofanele we-groove; Thuthukisa amakhono okusebenza weWelder, njll.
10. Imifantu
Imifantu yamapayipi wensimbi engaxakile ensimbi angahlukaniswa ibe yimifantu ebandayo, imifantu eshisayo nokuvuselela imifantu ngokuya ngokushisa nesikhathi lapho kwenzeka khona; Zingahlukaniswa ngemifantu emide, imifantu eguqukayo, imifantu yezimpande ye-weld, ukuqhekeka kwe-arc crater, imidwebo ethinta ukushisa, imifantu ethinta ukushisa, ngeke kusebenze imikhiqizo ebabazekayo, kepha kungadala nezingozi ezinkulu.
(1) Ukuqhekeka okushisayo
Ngesikhathi senqubo ye-welding, imifantu ye-welding ekhiqizwa ngumthungo we-welding kanye nensimbi ekupholiseni indawo okuthintekayo ekushiseni ebangeni lokushisa eliphakeme eduze komugqa we-solus abizwa ngokuthi yi-solivus line. Kuyisici esiyingozi se-welding esingavunyelwe ukuba khona. Ngokusho komshini, uhla lokushisa kanye nokwakheka kwemidwebo yepayipi efakwe amapayipi, imifantu eshisayo ingahlukaniswa imifantu ye-crystallization, imifantu eliphakeme lokushisa okushisa okuphezulu kanye nokushisa okushisa okuphezulu kwepulasitiki.
Imbangela: Isizathu esiyinhloko yilokho i-eutectic ye-eupectic ephansi nokungcola okuphansi kwe-molten pool yensimbi yakha ukuhlukaniswa okungajwayelekile kanye nokwehlukaniswa kwezinhlangano zenqubo ye-crystallization, futhi ngasikhathi sinye ngaphansi kweselding ngcindezi. Emingcele yokusanhlamvu idonswa ngaphandle, yakha imifantu eshisayo. Ukuqhekeka okushisayo kuvame ukwenzeka ngensimbi e-autenitic engenasici, i-nickel alloy ne-aluminium alloy. Insimbi ephansi yekhabhoni ngokuvamile ayikho lula ukukhiqiza imifantu eshisayo ngesikhathi se-welding, kepha njengokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni yokwenyuka kwensimbi, ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka okushisayo nakho kuyanda. Izindlela zokuvimbela: Lawula ngokuqinile okuqukethwe ukungcola okulimazayo okufana nesibabule kanye ne-phosphorus ngamapayipi we-welded angenasisekelo nezinto zokwakha izinsimbi, kunciphisa ukuzwela kokuqhekeka okushisayo; lungisa ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwensimbi ye-weld, thuthukisa isakhiwo se-weld, lungisa okusanhlamvu, ukuthuthukisa i-plastiki, ukunciphisa noma ukusabalalisa izinga lokuhlukaniswa; Sebenzisa izinto ze-alkaline welding ukunciphisa okuqukethwe ukungcola eWeld futhi kuthuthukise izinga lokuhlukaniswa; Khetha amapharamitha we-welding afanelekile afanele, akhuphule kahle isici esakha i-Weld ukwakha, futhi amukele ungqimba oluningi ne-Welding indlela ye-Welding; Sebenzisa ipuleti elilodwa lokuhola njenge-base yensimbi, noma kancane kancane ucime i-arc, bese ugcwalisa i-arc crater ukugwema ukuqhekeka okushisayo ku-arc crater.
(2) Imifantu ebandayo
Imifantu ekhiqizwayo lapho i-welded ehlanganisiwe ipholile emazingeni okushisa aphansi (ngensimbi engezansi kwe-M. Ukuqhekeka okubandayo kungavela ngokushesha ngemuva kokushiswa, noma kungathatha isikhathi (amahora, izinsuku noma isikhathi eside) ukuze kubonakale. Lolu hlobo lokuqhekeka lubizwa nangokuthi ukuqhekeka okubambezelekile. ingozi enkulu.
Izimbangela: Isakhiwo esilukhuni esakhiwa ukuguqulwa kweMartensite, ukucindezelwa okusele kwe-Welding okwakheke ngezinga elikhulu lokuvinjwa, kanye ne-hydrogen esele emaphandeni yizici ezintathu ezinkulu ezidala ukuqhekeka okubandayo.
Izindlela zokuvimbela: Khetha izinto zokwakha eziphansi ze-hydrogen, bese uzibhaka ngokuqinile nemiyalo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa; Susa uwoyela nomswakama ezinhlangeni ngaphambi kokufudumala, futhi unciphise okuqukethwe kwe-hydrogen eWeld; Khetha amapharamitha we-welding anempilo kanye nokufakwa kokushisa ukuze anciphise ukuthambekela okunzima kokuthungatha kwe-weld; Ukwelashwa kokuqedwa kwe-hydrogen kwenziwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokushiswa kwe-welding ukwenza i-hydrogen iphunyuke ekuhlanganiseni okuhlangene; Ipayipi elinensimbi engenasici enomthambeko ophakeme olwenziwe ngokuqina, ngaphambi kokushiswa kokushiswa kanye nokwelashwa okushisa ngesikhathi ngemuva kokushiswa kwe-welding kungathuthukisa ukwakheka kanye nekhwalithi yokuhlangana. Ukusebenza; yandela izindlela ezahlukahlukene zobuchwepheshe zokunciphisa ukucindezelwa kwe-welding.
(3) Ukuvuselela imifantu
Ngemuva kokufudumala, ipayipi elingenacala le-welded livuselelwa ngaphakathi kobubanzi bokushisa obuthile (ukwelashwa kokushisa kokushisa noma enye inqubo yokushisa) kanye nemifantu ibizwa ngokuthi ukuqhekeka okuvuselelwayo.
Izimbangela: Ukuvuselela imifantu kuvame ukwenzeka kuma-all-alloy anamandla anamandla anamandla, ama-steellitic avimbela ukushisa nama-stainles aqukethe i-vagadium, i-chromium, molybdenum, i-boron nezinye izinto ezengeziwe. Ngemuva komjikelezo we-welming thermal, bafudunyezwa endaweni ebucayi (550 ~ 650 ℃). Iningi lemifantu livela endaweni enamatshe abunjiwe endaweni yokushisa efudumele yeWelding. Iningi lokuqhekeka kabusha kabusha kwenzeka emapayipi angenasisekelo wensimbi nezindawo zokuhlushwa kwengcindezelo, futhi izikhathi zokuphindaphindeka kwesinye isikhathi zenzeka ku-walding ehlukahlukene.
Izindlela zokuvimbela: Esisekelweni sokuhlangabezana nezidingo zokwakhiwa, khetha izinto eziphansi ezinamandla, ukuze amandla we-weld aphansi kunaleso sensimbi eyisisekelo, futhi ingcindezi ivumelanisa ukuqhekeka endaweni ethintekile ekushiseni; Nciphisa ukucindezelwa kwezinsalela ze-welding kanye nokuhlushwa kwengcindezi; Lawula ukufakwa kokushisa kwe-welding kwepayipi elinezinwele, khetha ngokufanelekile okushisa nokushisa okushisa nokushisa ukushisa, futhi uvikele indawo ebucayi ngangokunokwenzeka.
